Manual

CAARS 2 Manual

Appendix J: Sample Descriptions, Tables

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Table J.1. Gender × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Self-Report Gender Specific Normative Sample

Age (in years)	Females	Males
18–24	55	55
25–29	55	55
30–39	110	110
40–49	110	110
50–59	110	110
60–69	110	110
70+	126	94
Total	676	644
Total (%)	51.2	48.8

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Table J.2. Gender × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer Gender Specific Normative Sample

Age (in years)	Females	Males
18–24	55	55
25–29	55	55
30–39	110	110
40–49	110	110
50–59	110	110
60–69	110	110
70+	126	94
Total	676	644
Total (%)	51.2	48.8

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Table J.3a. Race/Ethnicity × Country × Age Group: CAARS 2 Self-Report Gender Specific Normative Sample (Males)

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada			Total
Age (in years)	Asian	Black	Hispanic	White	Other	Subtotal	Not a visible minority	Visible minority	Subtotal	Total
18–24	3	7	12	26	2	50	4	1	5	55
25–29	2	7	11	29	1	50	4	1	5	55
30–39	4	13	18	62	3	100	7	3	10	110
40–49	6	12	17	64	1	100	8	2	10	110
50–59	6	14	11	66	3	100	9	1	10	110
60–69	5	8	13	72	2	100	9	1	10	110
70+	5	7	7	66	1	86	6	2	8	94
Total	31	68	89	385	13	586	47	11	58	644
Total (%)	5.3	11.6	15.2	65.7	2.2	100.0	81.0	19.0	100.0
Census (%)	6.0	13.0	17.0	61.2	2.9		79.8	20.2

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census

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Table J.3b. Race/Ethnicity × Country × Age Group: CAARS 2 Self-Report Gender Specific Normative Sample (Females)

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada			Total
Age (in years)	Asian	Black	Hispanic	White	Other	Subtotal	Not a visible minority	Visible minority	Subtotal	Total
18–24	3	7	12	26	2	50	3	2	5	55
25–29	4	5	10	30	1	50	4	1	5	55
30–39	4	12	19	62	3	100	8	2	10	110
40–49	7	14	12	66	1	100	9	1	10	110
50–59	6	14	13	66	1	100	8	2	10	110
60–69	5	13	12	68	2	100	8	2	10	110
70+	7	12	10	84	1	114	9	3	12	126
Total	36	77	88	402	11	614	49	13	62	676
Total (%)	5.9	12.5	14.3	65.5	1.8	100.0	79.0	21.0	100.0
Census (%)	5.9	12.8	16.9	61.5	2.9		78.8	21.2

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table J.4a. Race/Ethnicity × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer Gender Specific Normative Sample (Males)

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada			Total
Age (in years)	Asian	Black	Hispanic	White	Other	Subtotal	Not a visible minority	Visible minority	Subtotal	Total
18–24	2	6	11	28	3	50	3	2	5	55
25–29	4	7	10	27	2	50	4	1	5	55
30–39	3	16	18	60	3	100	8	2	10	110
40–49	4	14	12	68	2	100	7	3	10	110
50–59	3	15	15	65	2	100	8	2	10	110
60–69	3	13	10	72	2	100	10	0	10	110
70+	5	7	8	65	1	86	7	1	8	94
Total	24	78	84	385	15	586	47	11	58	644
Total (%)	4.1	13.3	14.3	65.7	2.6	100.0	81.0	19.0	100.0
Census (%)	6.0	13.0	17.0	61.2	2.9		79.8	20.2

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table J.4b. Race/Ethnicity × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer Gender Specific Normative Sample (Females)

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada			Total
Age (in years)	Asian	Black	Hispanic	White	Other	Subtotal	Not a visible minority	Visible minority	Subtotal	Total
18–24	4	6	10	26	4	50	3	2	5	55
25–29	2	9	8	29	2	50	4	1	5	55
30–39	4	15	20	58	3	100	8	2	10	110
40–49	5	12	15	66	2	100	8	2	10	110
50–59	7	12	15	64	2	100	9	1	10	110
60–69	4	12	11	68	5	100	8	2	10	110
70+	4	12	12	85	1	114	8	4	12	126
Total	30	78	91	396	19	614	48	14	62	676
Total (%)	4.9	12.7	14.8	64.5	3.1	100.0	77.4	22.6	100.0
Census (%)	5.9	12.8	16.9	61.5	2.9		78.8	21.2

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census

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Table J.5a. Region × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Self-Report Gender Specific Normative Sample (Males)

Age (in years)	U.S.					Canada				Total
Age (in years)	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	Subtotal	East	Central	West	Subtotal	Total
18–24	9	7	21	13	50	0	3	2	5	55
25–29	8	10	19	13	50	0	3	2	5	55
30–39	17	20	38	25	100	0	6	4	10	110
40–49	18	21	38	23	100	1	7	2	10	110
50–59	19	20	40	21	100	2	5	3	10	110
60–69	17	19	40	24	100	1	6	3	10	110
70+	14	20	33	19	86	0	6	2	8	94
Total	102	117	229	138	586	4	36	18	58	644
Total (%)	17.4	20.0	39.1	23.5	100.0	6.9	62.1	31.0	100.0
Census (%)	17.0	20.9	37.9	24.1		6.8	61.5	31.7

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census

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Table J.5b. Region × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Self-Report Gender Specific Normative Sample (Females)

Age (in years)	U.S.					Canada				Total
Age (in years)	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	Subtotal	East	Central	West	Subtotal	Total
18–24	9	10	20	11	50	0	4	1	5	55
25–29	10	12	18	10	50	0	3	2	5	55
30–39	21	24	36	19	100	0	7	3	10	110
40–49	18	22	39	21	100	1	5	4	10	110
50–59	17	20	39	24	100	1	6	3	10	110
60–69	20	22	37	21	100	1	7	2	10	110
70+	21	25	42	26	114	2	6	4	12	126
Total	116	135	231	132	614	5	38	19	62	676
Total (%)	18.9	22.0	37.6	21.5	100.0	8.1	61.3	30.6	100.0
Census (%)	17.3	20.8	38.3	23.5		6.9	61.9	31.2

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table J.6a. Region × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer Gender Specific Normative Sample (Males)

Age (in years)	U.S.					Canada				Total
Age (in years)	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	Subtotal	East	Central	West	Subtotal	Total
18–24	10	9	20	11	50	1	2	2	5	55
25–29	8	9	19	14	50	0	3	2	5	55
30–39	17	20	38	25	100	0	7	3	10	110
40–49	18	24	36	22	100	1	5	4	10	110
50–59	18	20	39	23	100	1	6	3	10	110
60–69	15	23	40	22	100	1	6	3	10	110
70+	15	19	32	20	86	0	6	2	8	94
Total	101	124	224	137	586	4	35	19	58	644
Total (%)	17.2	21.2	38.2	23.4	100.0	6.9	60.3	32.8	100.0
Census (%)	17.0	20.9	37.9	24.1		6.8	61.5	31.7

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table J.6b. Region × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer Gender Specific Normative Sample (Females)

Age (in years)	U.S.					Canada				Total
Age (in years)	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	Subtotal	East	Central	West	Subtotal	Total
18–24	9	10	18	13	50	1	3	1	5	55
25–29	10	13	16	11	50	0	3	2	5	55
30–39	20	24	37	19	100	1	6	3	10	110
40–49	18	20	43	19	100	0	6	4	10	110
50–59	16	17	41	26	100	1	6	3	10	110
60–69	20	23	37	20	100	0	7	3	10	110
70+	21	25	42	26	114	2	6	4	12	126
Total	114	132	234	134	614	5	37	20	62	676
Total (%)	18.6	21.5	38.1	21.8	100.0	8.1	59.7	32.3	100.0
Census (%)	17.3	20.8	38.3	23.5		6.9	61.9	31.2

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census

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Table J.7a. Education Level × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Self-Report Gender Specific Normative Sample (Males)

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada						Total
Age (in years)	EL 1	EL 2	EL 3	EL 4	EL 5	Subtotal	EL 1	EL 2	EL 3	EL 4	EL 5	Subtotal	Total
18–24	10	16	20	4	0	50	0	3	0	1	1	5	55
25–29	4	13	15	13	5	50	1	1	1	1	1	5	55
30–39	6	28	29	24	13	100	1	4	3	2	0	10	110
40–49	7	29	26	24	14	100	1	3	4	2	0	10	110
50–59	7	27	30	22	14	100	0	4	3	2	1	10	110
60–69	9	28	27	23	13	100	1	1	3	3	2	10	110
70+	12	30	14	16	14	86	2	1	3	1	1	8	94
Total	55	171	161	126	73	586	6	17	17	12	6	58	644
Total (%)	9.4	29.2	27.5	21.5	12.5	100.0	10.3	29.3	29.3	20.7	10.3	100.0
Census (%)	11.4	30.1	27.0	20.2	11.4		15.5	25.8	34.9	15.2	8.5

Note. EL = Education level; EL 1 = No high school diploma; EL 2 = High school diploma/GED; EL 3 = Some college or associate degree; EL 4 = Bachelor’s degree; EL 5 = Graduate or professional degree. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey, and Canadian population data are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table J.7b. Education Level × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Self-Report Gender Specific Normative Sample (Females)

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada						Total
Age (in years)	EL 1	EL 2	EL 3	EL 4	EL 5	Subtotal	EL 1	EL 2	EL 3	EL 4	EL 5	Subtotal	Total
18–24	8	15	22	5	0	50	0	2	1	1	1	5	55
25–29	2	13	15	16	4	50	0	2	1	1	1	5	55
30–39	8	23	32	27	10	100	1	2	3	2	2	10	110
40–49	7	24	30	23	16	100	1	2	3	3	1	10	110
50–59	7	29	31	22	11	100	2	3	3	2	0	10	110
60–69	8	30	31	20	11	100	0	2	4	3	1	10	110
70+	19	39	28	17	11	114	3	4	3	1	1	12	126
Total	59	173	189	130	63	614	7	17	18	13	7	62	676
Total (%)	9.6	28.2	30.8	21.2	10.3	100.0	11.3	27.4	29.0	21.0	11.3	100.0
Census (%)	10.4	27.3	29.3	21.0	11.9		14.5	25.9	33.4	18.1	8.1

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Table J.8a. Education Level × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer Gender Specific Normative Sample (Males)

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada						Total
Age (in years)	EL 1	EL 2	EL 3	EL 4	EL 5	Subtotal	EL 1	EL 2	EL 3	EL 4	EL 5	Subtotal	Total
18–24	8	19	20	3	0	50	0	2	2	1	0	5	55
25–29	5	16	15	10	4	50	0	3	1	1	0	5	55
30–39	10	31	27	24	8	100	1	2	4	2	1	10	110
40–49	5	29	29	23	14	100	0	2	3	2	3	10	110
50–59	10	32	26	18	14	100	1	4	4	1	0	10	110
60–69	13	29	28	21	9	100	2	2	2	3	1	10	110
70+	12	25	19	17	13	86	3	1	2	1	1	8	94
Total	63	181	164	116	62	586	7	16	18	11	6	58	644
Total (%)	10.8	30.9	28.0	19.8	10.6	100.0	12.1	27.6	31.0	19.0	10.3	100.0
Census (%)	11.4	30.1	27.0	20.2	11.4		15.5	25.8	34.9	15.2	8.5

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Table J.8b. Education Level × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer Gender Specific Normative Sample (Females)

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada						Total
Age (in years)	EL 1	EL 2	EL 3	EL 4	EL 5	Subtotal	EL 1	EL 2	EL 3	EL 4	EL 5	Subtotal	Total
18–24	6	16	22	5	1	50	0	3	1	1	0	5	55
25–29	1	10	17	16	6	50	0	1	2	1	1	5	55
30–39	2	23	29	29	17	100	0	2	4	3	1	10	110
40–49	7	26	28	26	13	100	1	1	3	1	4	10	110
50–59	9	27	31	18	15	100	0	3	5	2	0	10	110
60–69	10	32	27	18	13	100	1	3	2	1	3	10	110
70+	21	38	23	18	14	114	2	4	4	2	0	12	126
Total	56	172	177	130	79	614	4	17	21	11	9	62	676
Total (%)	9.1	28.0	28.8	21.2	12.9	100.0	6.5	27.4	33.9	17.7	14.5	100.0
Census (%)	10.4	27.3	29.3	21.0	11.9		14.5	25.9	33.4	18.1	8.1

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Table J.9. Gender × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Gender Specific ADHD Reference Samples

Age (in years)	Self-Report		Observer
Age (in years)	Females	Males	Females	Males
18–24	27	28	20	22
25–29	20	17	13	9
30–39	33	41	21	32
40–49	26	20	15	14
50–59	11	16	8	7
60+	7	7	4	3
Total	124	129	81	87

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Table J.10. Demographic Characteristic of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Gender Specific ADHD Reference Samples

Demographic		Self-Report				Observer
		Females		Males		Females		Males
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	0	0.0	2	1.9	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	4	3.7	1	0.9	3	4.2	0	0.0
	Hispanic	7	6.5	7	6.6	5	7.0	7	9.2
	White	94	87.0	90	84.9	61	85.9	67	88.2
	Other	3	2.8	6	5.7	2	2.8	2	2.6
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	12	75.0	20	87.0	7	70.0	8	72.7
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	4	25.0	3	13.0	3	30.0	3	27.3
U.S. Region	Northeast	25	23.1	21	19.8	17	23.9	20	26.3
	Midwest	24	22.2	26	24.5	15	21.1	22	28.9
	South	32	29.6	38	35.8	21	29.6	24	31.6
	West	27	25.0	21	19.8	18	25.4	10	13.2
Canadian Region	East	1	8.3	3	13.6	1	10.0	2	18.2
	Central	9	58.3	12	50.0	6	60.0	7	63.6
	West	6	33.3	8	36.4	3	30.0	2	18.2
Education Level	No high school diploma	1	0.8	1	0.8	0	0.0	1	1.1
	High school diploma/GED	13	10.5	21	16.3	7	8.6	13	14.9
	Some college or associate degree	44	35.5	53	41.1	35	43.2	38	43.7
	Bachelor’s degree	37	29.8	30	23.3	19	23.5	17	19.5
	Graduate or professional degree	29	23.4	24	18.6	20	24.7	18	20.7
ADHD Presentation	Inattentive	57	46.0	57	44.2	34	42.0	31	35.6
	Hyperactive/Impulsive	5	4.0	5	3.9	4	4.9	5	5.7
	Combined	62	50.0	67	51.9	43	53.1	51	58.6
Age in years M (SD)		36.1 (12.4)		36.2 (13.1)		35.2 (12.6)		34.4 (12.4)
Total		124	100.0	129	100.0	81	100.0	87	100.0

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Table J.11. Demographic Characteristics of Observers: CAARS 2 Observer Normative Samples

Demographic		Combined Gender		Females		Males
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	843	63.9	426	63.1	417	64.8
	Male	476	36.1	249	36.9	227	35.2
	Other	1	0.1	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	48	4.0	24	3.9	24	4.1
	Black	140	11.7	71	11.6	69	11.8
	Hispanic	167	14.0	87	14.3	80	13.7
	White	812	68.0	407	66.7	405	69.3
	Other	27	2.3	21	3.4	6	1.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	100	79.4	49	74.2	51	85.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	26	20.6	17	25.8	9	15.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	42	3.2	22	3.3	20	3.1
	High school diploma/GED	313	23.7	156	23.1	156	24.2
	Some college or associate degree	509	38.6	274	40.5	235	36.5
	Bachelor’s degree	318	24.1	159	23.5	160	24.8
	Graduate or professional degree	138	10.5	65	9.6	73	11.3
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	365	27.7	136	20.1	227	35.2
	Parent	121	9.2	55	8.1	67	10.4
	Child	218	16.5	145	21.4	73	11.3
	Sibling	147	11.1	84	12.4	62	9.6
	Other Relative	115	8.7	57	8.4	58	9.0
	Friend	349	26.4	195	28.8	156	24.2
	Co-worker	2	0.2	2	0.3	0	0.0
	Other	3	0.2	2	0.3	1	0.2
Length of relationship	1–5 months	9	0.7	6	0.9	4	0.6
	6–11 months	10	0.8	5	0.7	4	0.6
	1–3 years	73	5.5	34	5.0	39	6.1
	More than 3 years	1,228	93.0	631	93.3	597	92.7
How well does the observer know the individual being rated?	Very well	1,239	93.9	637	94.2	603	93.6
How well does the observer know the individual being rated?	Moderately well	81	6.1	39	5.8	41	6.4
How often does the observer interact with the individual being rated?	Daily	827	62.7	427	63.2	398	61.8
	Weekly	396	30.0	202	29.9	195	30.3
	Monthly	97	7.3	47	7.0	51	7.9
Age in years M (SD)		44.3 (15.6)		43.3 (15.7)		44.5 (15.7)
Total		1,320	100.0	676	100.0	644	100.0

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Table J.12. Demographic Characteristics of Observers: CAARS 2 Observer ADHD Reference Samples

Demographic		Combined Gender		Females		Males
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	108	63.5	34	42.0	73	83.9
	Male	61	35.9	47	58.0	13	14.9
	Other	1	0.6	0	0.0	1	1.1
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	1	0.7	0	0.0	1	1.3
	Black	3	2.0	2	2.9	1	1.3
	Hispanic	15	10.2	8	11.4	7	9.2
	White	126	85.7	60	85.7	66	86.8
	Other	2	1.4	0	0.0	1	1.3
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	19	82.6	8	36.4	10	45.5
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	4	17.4	3	13.6	1	4.5
Education Level	No high school diploma	2	1.2	1	1.2	1	1.1
	High school diploma/GED	21	12.4	11	13.6	8	9.2
	Some college or associate degree	50	29.4	19	23.5	31	35.6
	Bachelor’s degree	55	32.4	33	40.7	22	25.3
	Graduate or professional degree	42	24.7	17	21.0	25	28.7
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	94	55.3	44	54.3	49	56.3
	Parent	21	12.4	9	11.1	12	13.8
	Child	10	5.9	4	4.9	6	6.9
	Sibling	13	7.6	7	8.6	5	5.7
	Other Relative	2	1.2	1	1.2	1	1.1
	Friend	26	15.3	15	18.5	11	12.6
	Co-worker	2	1.2	1	1.2	1	1.1
	Other	2	1.2	0	0.0	2	2.3
Length of relationship	1–5 months	1	0.6	0	0.0	1	1.1
	6–11 months	2	1.2	0	0.0	1	1.1
	1–3 years	19	11.2	9	11.1	10	11.5
	More than 3 years	148	87.1	72	88.9	75	86.2
How well does the Observer know the individual being rated?	Very well	161	94.7	75	92.6	84	96.6
How well does the Observer know the individual being rated?	Moderately well	9	5.3	6	7.4	3	3.4
How often does the Observer interact with the individual being rated?	Daily	139	81.8	66	81.5	71	81.6
	Weekly	28	16.5	13	16.0	15	17.2
	Monthly	3	1.8	2	2.5	1	1.1
Age in years M (SD)		36.9 (13.5)		38.1 (13.0)		36.3 (13.9)
Total		170	100.0	81	100.0	87	100.0

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Table J.13. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 Test-Retest Samples

Demographic		Rated Individual				Rater
		Self-Report		Observer		Rater
		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	40	45.5	26	42.6	33	54.1
Gender	Male	48	54.5	35	57.4	28	45.9
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	6	6.8	3	4.9	2	3.3
	Black	10	11.4	5	8.2	4	6.6
	Hispanic	10	11.4	5	8.2	1	1.6
	White	58	65.9	47	77.0	54	88.5
	Other	1	1.1	1	1.6	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	3	3.4	0	0.0	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	16	18.2	12	19.7	12	19.7
	Midwest	21	23.9	15	24.6	14	23.0
	South	38	43.2	25	41.0	25	41.0
	West	10	11.4	9	14.8	10	16.4
Canadian Region	Central	1	1.1	0	0.0	0	0.0
	East	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	West	2	2.3	0	0.0	0	0.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	6	6.8	2	3.3	2	3.3
	High school diploma/GED	25	28.4	19	31.1	16	26.2
	Some college or associate degree	28	31.8	26	42.6	25	41.0
	Bachelor’s degree	17	19.3	12	19.7	16	26.2
	Graduate or professional degree	12	13.6	2	3.3	2	3.3
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	––	––	––	––	28	45.9
	Friend	––	––	––	––	22	36.1
	Other Family Member	––	––	––	––	11	18.0
Length of relationship	1–5 months	––	––	––	––	1	1.6
	6–11 months	––	––	––	––	0	0.0
	1–3 years	––	––	––	––	4	6.6
	More than 3 years	––	––	––	––	56	91.8
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Moderately well	––	––	––	––	2	3.3
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Very well	––	––	––	––	59	96.7
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?	Monthly	––	––	––	––	3	4.9
	Weekly	––	––	––	––	14	23.0
	Daily	––	––	––	––	44	72.1
Age in years M (SD)		45.1 (13.3)		45.8 (14.7)		45.8 (14.7)
Days between administrations M (SD)		18.7 (6.3)		20.9 (6.6)		20.9 (6.6)
Total		88	100.0	61	100.0	61	100.0

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Table J.14. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 Inter-Rater Reliability Study 1 (Same Rater Type)

Demographic		Rated Individual		Rater 1		Rater 2
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	13	44.8	15	51.7	17	58.6
	Male	16	55.2	14	48.3	10	34.5
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	6.9
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	1	3.4	1	3.4	1	3.4
	Hispanic	2	6.9	2	6.9	2	6.9
	White	25	86.2	25	86.2	25	86.2
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	1	3.4	1	3.4	1	3.4
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	5	17.2	5	17.2	4	13.8
	Midwest	11	37.9	10	34.5	12	41.4
	South	11	37.9	12	41.4	12	41.4
	West	1	3.4	1	3.4	0	0.0
Canadian Region	Central	1	3.4	1	3.4	1	3.4
	East	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	West	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	High school diploma/GED	5	17.2	3	10.3	8	27.6
	Some college or associate degree	15	51.7	12	41.4	7	24.1
	Bachelor’s degree	4	13.8	7	24.1	12	41.4
	Graduate or professional degree	5	17.2	7	24.1	2	6.9
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	7	24.1	––	––	––	––
	ADHD Combined	5	17.2	––	––	––	––
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	0	0.0	––	––	––	––
	Anxiety	15	51.7	––	––	––	––
	Depression	16	55.2	––	––	––	––
	Other Diagnosis	12	41.4	––	––	––	––
	No Diagnosis	0	0.0	––	––	––	––
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	––	––	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Friend	––	––	6	20.7	6	20.7
	Other Family Member	––	––	23	79.3	23	79.3
	Other (Non-Family Member)	––	––	0	0.0	0	0.0
Length of relationship	1–5 months	––	––	0	0.0	0	0.0
	6–11 months	––	––	0	0.0	0	0.0
	1–3 years	––	––	2	6.9	1	3.4
	More than 3 years	––	––	27	93.1	28	96.6
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Moderately well	––	––	2	6.9	2	6.9
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Very well	––	––	27	93.1	27	93.1
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?	Monthly	––	––	0	0.0	1	3.4
	Weekly	––	––	8	27.6	14	48.3
	Daily	––	––	21	72.4	14	48.3
Age in years M (SD)		32.6 (15.1)		40.4 (14.0)		37.8 (15.6)
Days between administrations M (SD)		3.8 (4.5)
Total		29	100.0	29	100.0	29	100.0

Note. Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.

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Table J.15. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 Inter-Rater Reliability Study 2 (Different Rater Types)

Demographic		Self-Report/Observer				Observer/Observer
		Rated Individual		Rater		Rated Individual		Rater 1		Rater 2
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	122	57.8	127	60.2	29	61.7	27	57.4	31	66.0
	Male	88	41.7	83	39.3	18	38.3	20	42.6	16	34.0
	Other	1	0.5	1	0.5	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	0	0.0	1	0.5	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	9	4.3	9	4.3	5	10.6	4	8.5	5	10.6
	Hispanic	7	3.3	12	5.7	3	6.4	2	4.3	5	10.6
	White	167	79.1	158	74.9	38	80.9	40	85.1	36	76.6
	Other	2	0.9	4	1.9	1	2.1	1	2.1	1	2.1
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	16	7.6	19	9.0	––	––	0	0.0	1	2.1
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	10	4.7	8	3.8	––	––	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	40	19.0	40	19.0	10	21.3	9	19.1	10	21.3
	Midwest	57	27.0	57	27.0	11	23.4	12	25.5	10	21.3
	South	64	30.3	64	30.3	24	51.1	24	51.1	22	46.8
	West	24	11.4	24	11.4	2	4.3	2	4.3	4	8.5
Canadian Region	Central	22	10.4	22	10.4	––	––	0	0.0	1	2.1
	East	4	1.9	4	1.9	––	––	0	0.0	0	0.0
	West	0	0.0	0	0.0	––	––	0	0.0	0	0.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	3	1.4	2	0.9	1	2.1	4	8.5	1	2.1
	High school diploma/GED	37	17.5	32	15.2	3	6.4	5	10.6	4	8.5
	Some college or associate degree	74	35.1	59	28.0	17	36.2	10	21.3	18	38.3
	Bachelor’s degree	49	23.2	66	31.3	16	34.0	15	31.9	14	29.8
	Graduate or professional degree	48	22.7	52	24.6	10	21.3	13	27.7	10	21.3
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	50	23.7	––	––	6	12.8	––	––	––	––
	ADHD Combined	64	30.3	––	––	15	31.9	––	––	––	––
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	8	3.8	––	––	1	2.1	––	––	––	––
	Anxiety	98	46.4	––	––	28	59.6	––	––	––	––
	Depression	83	39.3	––	––	27	57.4	––	––	––	––
	Other Diagnosis	54	25.6	––	––	19	40.4	––	––	––	––
	No Diagnosis	0	0.0	––	––	0	0.0	––	––	––	––
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	––	––	103	48.8	––	––	16	34.0	25	53.2
	Friend	––	––	36	17.1	––	––	11	23.4	7	14.9
	Other Family Member	––	––	69	32.7	––	––	19	40.4	14	29.8
	Other	––	––	3	1.4	––	––	1	2.1	1	2.1
Length of relationship	6–11 months	––	––	0	0.0	––	––	2	4.3	0	0.0
	1–3 years	––	––	18	8.5	––	––	8	17.0	7	14.9
	More than 3 years	––	––	193	91.5	––	––	37	78.7	40	85.1
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Moderately well	––	––	9	4.3	––	––	4	8.5	2	4.3
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Very well	––	––	202	95.7	––	––	43	91.5	45	95.7
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?	Monthly	––	––	5	2.4	––	––	1	2.1	2	4.3
	Weekly	––	––	41	19.4	––	––	10	21.3	3	6.4
	Daily	––	––	165	78.2	––	––	36	76.6	42	89.4
Age in years M (SD)		35.0 (12.7)		38.5 (13.3)		35.9 (13.2)		43.6 (16.6)		37.9 (14.8)
Days between administrations M (SD)		7.6 (11.0)				7.2 (7.7)
Total		211				47

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Table J.16. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 and CAARS Validity Study

Demographic		Self-Report		Observer: Rated Individual		Observer: Rater
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	67	65.0	39	61.9	41	65.1
Gender	Male	36	35.0	24	38.1	22	34.9
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	2	1.9	2	3.2	1	1.6
	Hispanic	3	2.9	2	3.2	4	6.3
	White	74	71.8	45	71.4	45	71.4
	Other	3	2.9	1	1.6	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	18	17.5	11	17.5	11	17.5
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	3	2.9	2	3.2	2	3.2
U.S. Region	Northeast	15	14.6	9	14.3	9	14.3
	Midwest	16	15.5	11	17.5	12	19.0
	South	23	22.3	13	20.6	13	20.6
	West	28	27.2	17	27.0	16	25.4
Canadian Region	Central	14	13.6	8	12.7	10	15.9
	East	2	1.9	3	4.8	3	4.8
	West	5	4.9	2	3.2	0	0.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	1	1.0	0	0.0	1	1.6
	High school diploma/GED	10	9.7	6	9.5	7	11.1
	Some college or associate degree	43	41.7	28	44.4	15	23.8
	Bachelor’s degree	25	24.3	15	23.8	23	36.5
	Graduate or professional degree	24	23.3	14	22.2	17	27.0
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	42	40.8	27	42.9	––	––
	ADHD Combined	59	57.3	35	55.6	––	––
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	2	1.9	1	1.6	––	––
	Anxiety	27	26.2	13	20.6	––	––
	Depression	34	33.0	14	22.2	––	––
	Other Diagnosis	12	11.7	9	14.3	––	––
	No Diagnosis	0	0.0	0	0.0	––	––
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	––	––	––	––	42	66.7
	Friend	––	––	––	––	13	20.6
	Other Family Member	––	––	––	––	7	11.1
	Other	––	––	––	––	1	1.6
Length of relationship	1-3 years	––	––	––	––	6	9.5
Length of relationship	More than 3 years	––	––	––	––	57	90.5
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Moderately Well	––	––	––	––	2	3.2
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Very Well	––	––	––	––	61	96.8
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?	Monthly	––	––	––	––	2	3.2
	Weekly	––	––	––	––	9	14.3
	Daily	––	––	––	––	52	82.5
Days between administrations M (SD)		1.4 (3.7)		1.0 (4.1)
Age in years M (SD)		38.6 (12.7)		38.3 (11.6)		39.3 (13.1)
Total		103		63

Click to expand

Table J.17. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 and CEFI Adult Validity Study

Demographic		Self-Report		Observer: Rated Individual		Observer: Rater
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	69	64.5	34	60.7	37	66.1
Gender	Male	38	35.5	22	39.3	19	33.9
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	1	0.9	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	2	1.9	2	3.6	1	1.8
	Hispanic	5	4.7	2	3.6	3	5.4
	White	75	70.1	41	73.2	42	75.0
	Other	3	2.8	1	1.8	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	18	16.8	8	14.3	8	14.3
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	3	2.8	2	3.6	2	3.6
U.S. Region	Northeast	14	13.1	9	16.1	1	1.8
	Midwest	19	17.8	10	17.9	7	12.5
	South	24	22.4	12	21.4	12	21.4
	West	29	27.1	15	26.8	20	35.7
Canadian Region	Central	14	13.1	7	12.5	16	28.6
	East	2	1.9	2	3.6	9	16.1
	West	5	4.7	1	1.8	12	21.4
Education Level	No high school diploma	1	0.9	0	0.0	11	19.6
	High school diploma/GED	10	9.3	6	10.7	14	25.0
	Some college or associate degree	44	41.1	25	44.6	8	14.3
	Bachelor’s degree	26	24.3	11	19.6	2	3.6
	Graduate or professional degree	26	24.3	14	25.0	0	0.0
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	40	37.4	27	48.2	––	––
	ADHD Combined	64	59.8	28	50.0	––	––
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	3	2.8	1	1.8	––	––
	Anxiety	31	29.0	11	19.6	––	––
	Depression	35	32.7	13	23.2	––	––
	Other Diagnosis	13	12.1	8	14.3	––	––
	No Diagnosis	0	0.0	0	0.0	––	––
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	––	––	––	––	37	66.1
	Friend	––	––	––	––	11	19.6
	Other Family Member	––	––	––	––	7	12.5
	Other	––	––	––	––	1	1.8
Length of relationship	1-3 years	––	––	––	––	6	10.7
Length of relationship	More than 3 years	––	––	––	––	50	89.3
How well does the Rater know the individual being rated?	Moderately Well	––	––	––	––	2	3.6
How well does the Rater know the individual being rated?	Very Well	––	––	––	––	54	96.4
How often does the Rater interact with the individual being rated?	Monthly	––	––	––	––	2	3.6
	Weekly	––	––	––	––	7	12.5
	Daily	––	––	––	––	47	83.9
Days between administrations M (SD)		1.3 (3.1)		0.7 (1.8)
Age in years M (SD)		38.1 (12.3)		38.8 (11.8)		40.1 (12.7)
Total		107		56

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Table J.18. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 Self-Report General Population and ADHD Samples

Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive		ADHD Combined
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	94	47.7	46	47.9	48	47.5
Gender	Male	103	52.3	50	52.1	53	52.5
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	2	1.0	1	1.0	1	1.0
	Black	5	2.5	1	1.0	4	4.0
	Hispanic	11	5.6	5	5.2	6	5.9
	White	156	79.2	81	84.4	75	74.3
	Other	3	1.5	2	2.1	1	1.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	17	8.6	6	6.3	11	10.9
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	3	1.5	0	0.0	3	3.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	34	17.3	27	28.1	11	10.9
	Midwest	34	17.3	20	20.8	24	23.8
	South	72	36.5	28	29.2	31	30.7
	West	37	18.8	15	15.6	21	20.8
Canadian Region	Central	11	5.6	4	4.2	7	6.9
	East	2	1.0	1	1.0	0	0.0
	West	7	3.6	1	1.0	7	6.9
Education Level	No high school diploma	2	1.0	0	0.0	2	2.0
	High school diploma/GED	23	11.7	12	12.5	11	10.9
	Some college or associate degree	81	41.1	36	37.5	45	44.6
	Bachelor’s degree	53	26.9	28	29.2	25	24.8
	Graduate or professional degree	38	19.3	20	20.8	18	17.8
Co-occurring Diagnoses	Anxiety	0	0.0	19	19.8	28	27.7
	Depression	0	0.0	27	28.1	28	27.7
	Other Diagnosis	0	0.0	20	20.8	27	26.7
	No co-occurring diagnoses	0	0.0	54	56.3	46	45.5
Age in years M (SD)		37.6 (13.6)		38.5 (13.8)		36.6 (12.6)
Total		197		96		101

Note. Depression includes Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Separation Anxiety, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Other Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.

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Table J.19. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer General Population and ADHD Samples

Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive		ADHD Combined
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	69	49.6	34	54.0	35	46.1
Gender	Male	70	50.4	29	46.0	41	53.9
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	3	2.2	2	3.2	1	1.3
	Hispanic	9	6.5	3	4.8	6	7.9
	White	110	79.1	52	82.5	58	76.3
	Other	4	2.9	3	4.8	1	1.3
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	13	9.4	3	4.8	10	13.2
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	22	15.8	19	30.2	14	18.4
	Midwest	28	20.1	14	22.2	22	28.9
	South	49	35.3	18	28.6	18	23.7
	West	27	19.4	9	14.3	12	15.8
Canadian Region	Central	8	5.8	2	3.2	7	9.2
	East	0	0.0	1	1.6	0	0.0
	West	5	3.6	0	0.0	3	3.9
Education Level	No high school diploma	1	0.7	0	0.0	1	1.3
	High school diploma/GED	18	12.9	11	17.5	7	9.2
	Some college or associate degree	58	41.7	26	41.3	32	42.1
	Bachelor’s degree	32	23.0	9	14.3	23	30.3
	Graduate or professional degree	30	21.6	17	27.0	13	17.1
Co-occurring Diagnoses	Anxiety	0	0.0	16	25.4	23	30.3
	Depression	0	0.0	25	39.7	18	23.7
	Other Diagnosis	0	0.0	14	22.2	29	38.2
	No co-occurring diagnoses	0	0.0	29	46.0	37	48.7
Age in years M (SD)		35.9 (13.3)		35.6 (14.3)		36.3 (11.7)
Total		139		63		76

Click to expand

Table J.20. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: CAARS 2 Observer General Population and ADHD Samples

Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive		ADHD Combined
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	92	66.2	36	57.1	48	63.2
	Male	47	33.8	27	42.9	27	35.5
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	1.3
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	2	1.4	0	0.0	1	1.3
	Black	5	3.6	0	0.0	2	2.6
	Hispanic	8	5.8	4	6.3	8	10.5
	White	106	76.3	56	88.9	53	69.7
	Other	4	2.9	0	0.0	1	1.3
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	13	9.4	3	4.8	11	14.5
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	1	0.7	0	0.0	0	0.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	4	2.9	1	1.6	0	0.0
	High school diploma/GED	21	15.1	10	15.9	8	10.5
	Some college or associate degree	60	43.2	16	25.4	23	30.3
	Bachelor’s degree	40	28.8	18	28.6	29	38.2
	Graduate or professional degree	14	10.1	18	28.6	16	21.1
U.S. Region	Northeast	18	12.9	17	27.0	13	17.1
	Midwest	26	18.7	16	25.4	23	30.3
	South	56	40.3	18	28.6	18	23.7
	West	25	18.0	9	14.3	11	14.5
Canadian Region	Central	8	5.8	2	3.2	9	11.8
	East	1	0.7	1	1.6	0	0.0
	West	5	3.6	0	0.0	2	2.6
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	31	22.3	32	50.8	49	64.5
	Friend	34	24.5	10	15.9	8	10.5
	Other Family Member	73	52.5	18	28.6	17	22.4
	Other	1	0.7	3	4.8	2	2.6
Length of relationship	1–5 months	2	1.4	0	0.0	1	1.3
	6–11 months	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	1.3
	1–3 years	9	6.5	8	12.7	9	11.8
	More than 3 years	128	92.1	55	87.3	65	85.5
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Moderately well	9	6.5	3	4.8	3	3.9
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Very well	130	93.5	60	95.2	73	96.1
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?	Monthly	6	4.3	2	3.2	1	1.3
	Weekly	48	34.5	13	20.6	7	9.2
	Daily	85	61.2	48	76.2	68	89.5
Age in years M (SD)		40.2 (14.3)		39.0 (14.5)		36.3 (13.3)
Total		139		63		76

Click to expand

Table J.21. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 Self-Report ADHD, Depression/Anxiety, and General Population Samples

Demographic		ADHD		Depression/Anxiety		General Population
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	47	38.5	86	69.9	133	54.3
	Male	75	61.5	36	29.3	111	45.3
	Other	0	0.0	1	0.8	1	0.4
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	1	0.8	0	0.0	6	2.4
	Black	3	2.5	6	4.9	9	3.7
	Hispanic	9	7.4	8	6.5	16	6.5
	White	87	71.3	92	74.8	182	74.3
	Other	2	1.6	0	0.0	4	1.6
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	17	13.9	8	6.5	23	9.4
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	3	2.5	9	7.3	5	2.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	18	14.8	18	14.6	33	13.5
	Midwest	29	23.8	37	30.1	43	17.6
	South	27	22.1	41	33.3	83	33.9
	West	28	23.0	10	8.1	58	23.7
Canadian Region	Central	9	7.4	15	12.2	18	7.3
	East	2	1.6	0	0.0	3	1.2
	West	9	7.4	2	1.6	7	2.9
Education Level	No high school diploma	0	0.0	2	1.6	2	0.8
	High school diploma/GED	16	13.1	20	16.3	36	14.7
	Some college or associate degree	48	39.3	47	38.2	95	38.8
	Bachelor’s degree	34	27.9	31	25.2	65	26.5
	Graduate or professional degree	24	19.7	23	18.7	47	19.2
Co-occurring Diagnoses	ADHD (All Presentations)	122	100.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Anxiety	0	0.0	82	66.7	0	0.0
	Depression	0	0.0	72	58.5	0	0.0
	Other Diagnosis	17	13.9	30	24.4	0	0.0
	No co-occurring diagnoses	105	86.1	92	74.8	0	0.0
Age in years M (SD)		38.6 (12.8)		35.3 (13.0)		37.0 (13.6)
Total		122		123		245

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Table J.22. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer ADHD, Depression/Anxiety, and General Population Samples

Demographic		ADHD		Depression/Anxiety		General Population
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	33	41.8	72	73.5	105	59.3
Gender	Male	46	58.2	26	26.5	72	40.7
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	2	2.5	8	8.2	10	5.6
	Hispanic	7	8.9	6	6.1	13	7.3
	White	61	77.2	77	78.6	138	78.0
	Other	1	1.3	1	1.0	2	1.1
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	8	10.1	4	4.1	12	6.8
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	2	2.0	2	1.1
U.S. Region	Northeast	14	17.7	11	11.2	36	20.3
	Midwest	21	26.6	33	33.7	31	17.5
	South	21	26.6	41	41.8	63	35.6
	West	15	19.0	7	7.1	33	18.6
Canadian Region	Central	5	6.3	6	6.1	7	4.0
	East	1	1.3	0	0.0	2	1.1
	West	2	2.5	0	0.0	5	2.8
Education Level	No high school diploma	0	0.0	1	1.0	1	0.6
	High school diploma/GED	10	12.7	14	14.3	24	13.6
	Some college or associate degree	34	43.0	31	31.6	65	36.7
	Bachelor’s degree	18	22.8	31	31.6	49	27.7
	Graduate or professional degree	17	21.5	21	21.4	38	21.5
Co-occurring Diagnoses	ADHD (All Presentations)	79	100.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Anxiety	0	0.0	74	75.5	0	0.0
	Depression	0	0.0	59	60.2	0	0.0
	Other Diagnosis	14	17.7	27	27.6	0	0.0
	No co-occurring diagnoses	65	82.3	71	72.4	0	0.0
Age in years M (SD)		36.7 (12.3)		36.8 (13.2)		36.9 (13.1)
Total		79		98		177

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Table J.23. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: CAARS 2 Observer ADHD, Depression/Anxiety, and General Population Samples

Demographic		ADHD		Depression/Anxiety		General Population
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	54	68.4	62	63.3	109	61.6
	Male	24	30.4	35	35.7	68	38.4
	Other	1	1.3	1	1.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.6
	Black	2	2.5	8	8.2	13	7.3
	Hispanic	9	11.4	5	5.1	15	8.5
	White	60	75.9	76	77.6	130	73.4
	Other	0	0.0	3	3.1	3	1.7
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	8	10.1	4	4.1	12	6.8
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	2	2.0	3	1.7
U.S. Region	Northeast	12	15.2	12	12.2	31	17.5
	Midwest	24	30.4	32	32.7	28	15.8
	South	21	26.6	39	39.8	72	40.7
	West	14	17.7	9	9.2	31	17.5
Canadian Region	Central	6	7.6	6	6.1	7	4.0
	East	1	1.3	0	0.0	3	1.7
	West	1	1.3	0	0.0	5	2.8
Education Level	No high school diploma	1	1.3	1	1.0	4	2.3
	High school diploma/GED	7	8.9	16	16.3	30	16.9
	Some college or associate degree	17	21.5	30	30.6	74	41.8
	Bachelor’s degree	23	29.1	30	30.6	50	28.2
	Graduate or professional degree	31	39.2	21	21.4	19	10.7
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	49	62.0	30	30.6	35	19.8
	Friend	10	12.7	25	25.5	52	29.4
	Other Family Member	18	22.8	41	41.8	90	50.8
	Other	2	2.5	2	2.0	0	0.0
Length of relationship	1–5 months	1	1.3	0	0.0	1	0.6
	6–11 months	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	1–3 years	5	6.3	5	5.1	12	6.8
	More than 3 years	73	92.4	93	94.9	164	92.7
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Moderately well	1	1.3	5	5.1	14	7.9
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Very well	78	98.7	93	94.9	163	92.1
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?	Monthly	2	2.5	1	1.0	14	7.9
	Weekly	13	16.5	26	26.5	63	35.6
	Daily	64	81.0	71	72.4	100	56.5
Age in years M (SD)		40.6 (13.4)		40.2 (13.2)		39.5 (14.4)
Total		79		98		177

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Table J.24. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 Self-Report ADHD and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy

Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive or Combined		General Population		ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive or Combined		General Population		ADHD All Presentations
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	67	43.2	67	43.2	39	41.5	39	41.5	69	43.1	69	43.1
Gender	Male	88	56.8	88	56.8	55	58.5	55	58.5	91	56.9	91	56.9
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	2	1.3	2	1.3	1	1.1	1	1.1	2	1.2	2	1.2
	Black	5	3.2	5	3.2	4	4.3	4	4.3	5	3.1	5	3.1
	Hispanic	8	5.2	8	5.2	4	4.3	4	4.3	8	5.0	8	5.0
	White	124	80.0	124	80.0	72	76.6	72	76.6	129	80.6	129	80.6
	Other	2	1.3	2	1.3	2	2.1	2	2.1	2	1.2	2	1.2
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	12	7.7	12	7.7	9	9.6	9	9.6	12	7.5	12	7.5
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	2	1.3	2	1.3	2	2.1	2	2.1	2	1.2	2	1.2
U.S. Region	Northeast	17	11.0	32	20.6	14	14.9	10	10.6	23	14.4	32	20.0
	Midwest	29	18.7	35	22.6	19	20.2	21	22.3	34	21.2	36	22.5
	South	59	38.1	44	28.4	31	33.0	30	31.9	56	35.0	45	28.1
	West	36	23.2	30	19.4	19	20.2	22	23.4	33	20.6	33	20.6
Canadian Region	East	1	0.6	2	1.3	2	2.1	0	0.0	1	0.6	1	0.6
	Central	8	5.2	7	4.5	5	5.3	5	5.3	6	3.8	6	3.8
	West	5	3.2	5	3.2	4	4.3	6	6.4	7	4.4	7	4.4
Education Level	No high school diploma	1	0.6	1	0.6	1	1.1	1	1.1	1	0.6	1	0.6
	High school diploma/GED	14	9.0	14	9.0	10	10.6	10	10.6	16	10.0	16	10.0
	Some college or associate degree	64	41.3	64	41.3	43	45.7	43	45.7	66	41.2	66	41.2
	Bachelor’s degree	40	25.8	40	25.8	20	21.3	20	21.3	41	25.6	41	25.6
	Graduate or professional degree	36	23.2	36	23.2	20	21.3	20	21.3	36	22.5	36	22.5
Diagnosis	Anxiety	0	0.0	34	21.9	0	0.0	28	29.8	0	0.0	39	24.4
	Depression	0	0.0	38	24.5	0	0.0	24	25.5	0	0.0	43	26.9
	Other Diagnosis	0	0.0	35	22.6	0	0.0	24	25.5	0	0.0	36	22.5
	No co-occurring diagnoses	0	0.0	83	53.5	0	0.0	45	47.9	0	0.0	84	52.5
Age in years M (SD)		37.7 (13.3)		37.7 (12.7)		35.9 (12.1)		35.9 (11.9)		37.6 (13.2)		37.5 (12.6)
Total		155	100.0	155	100.0	94	100.0	94	100.0	160	100.0	160	100.0

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Table J.25. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer ADHD and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy

Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive or Combined		General Population		ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive or Combined		General Population		ADHD All Presentations
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	61	50.0	61	50.0	33	44.0	33	44.0	63	50.0	63	50.0
Gender	Male	61	50.0	61	50.0	42	56.0	42	56.0	63	50.0	63	50.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	2	1.6	2	1.6	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	1.6	2	1.6
	Hispanic	8	6.6	8	6.6	5	6.7	5	6.7	8	6.3	8	6.3
	White	98	80.3	98	80.3	61	81.3	61	81.3	102	81.0	102	81.0
	Other	4	3.3	4	3.3	1	1.3	1	1.3	4	3.2	4	3.2
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	10	8.2	10	8.2	8	10.7	8	10.7	10	7.9	10	7.9
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	25	20.5	27	22.1	15	20.0	13	17.3	24	19.0	26	20.6
	Midwest	25	20.5	29	23.8	16	21.3	16	21.3	28	22.2	27	21.4
	South	39	32.0	35	28.7	25	33.3	23	30.7	42	33.3	38	30.2
	West	23	18.9	21	17.2	11	14.7	15	20.0	22	17.5	25	19.8
Canadian Region	East	1	0.8	2	1.6	0	0.0	1	1.3	0	0.0	2	1.6
	Central	6	4.9	6	4.9	6	8.0	6	8.0	7	5.6	6	4.8
	West	3	2.5	2	1.6	2	2.7	1	1.3	3	2.4	2	1.6
Education Level	No high school diploma	1	0.8	1	0.8	1	1.3	1	1.3	1	0.8	1	0.8
	High school diploma/GED	14	11.5	14	11.5	8	10.7	8	10.7	16	12.7	16	12.7
	Some college or associate degree	54	44.3	54	44.3	33	44.0	33	44.0	55	43.7	55	43.7
	Bachelor’s degree	26	21.3	26	21.3	19	25.3	19	25.3	26	20.6	26	20.6
	Graduate or professional degree	27	22.1	27	22.1	14	18.7	14	18.7	28	22.2	28	22.2
Diagnosis	Anxiety	0	0.0	33	27.0	0	0.0	23	30.7	0	0.0	36	28.6
	Depression	0	0.0	38	31.1	0	0.0	19	25.3	0	0.0	41	32.5
	Other Diagnosis	0	0.0	32	26.2	0	0.0	23	30.7	0	0.0	35	27.8
	No co-occurring diagnoses	0	0.0	57	46.7	0	0.0	34	45.3	0	0.0	57	45.2
Age in years M (SD)		36.3 (12.7)		36.4 (12.9)		35.6 (10.8)		35.7 (11.5)		36.3 (12.9)		36.4 (12.9)
Total		122	100.0	122	100.0	75	100.0	75	100.0	126	100.0	126	100.0

Click to expand

Table J.26. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: CAARS 2 Observer ADHD and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy

Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive or Combined		General Population		ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive or Combined		General Population		ADHD All Presentations
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	74	60.7	75	61.5	45	60.0	46	61.3	74	58.7	73	57.9
Gender	Male	48	39.3	47	38.5	30	40.0	29	38.7	52	41.3	53	42.1
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	1	0.8	1	0.8	0	0.0	1	1.3	1	0.8	0	0.0
	Black	5	4.1	0	0.0	3	4.0	2	2.7	5	4.0	2	1.6
	Hispanic	9	7.4	10	8.2	7	9.3	7	9.3	12	9.5	10	7.9
	White	91	74.6	100	82.0	55	73.3	56	74.7	94	74.6	103	81.7
	Other	4	3.3	0	0.0	2	2.7	0	0.0	2	1.6	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	10	8.2	11	9.0	7	9.3	9	12.0	11	8.7	11	8.7
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	2	1.6	0	0.0	1	1.3	0	0.0	1	0.8	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	25	20.5	27	22.1	15	20.0	13	17.3	24	19.0	26	20.6
	Midwest	25	20.5	29	23.8	16	21.3	16	21.3	28	22.2	27	21.4
	South	39	32.0	35	28.7	25	33.3	23	30.7	42	33.3	38	30.2
	West	23	18.9	21	17.2	11	14.7	15	20.0	22	17.5	25	19.8
Canadian Region	East	1	0.8	2	1.6	0	0.0	1	1.3	0	0.0	2	1.6
	Central	6	4.9	6	4.9	6	8.0	6	8.0	7	5.6	6	4.8
	West	3	2.5	2	1.6	2	2.7	1	1.3	3	2.4	2	1.6
Education Level	No high school diploma	3	2.5	1	0.8	1	1.3	0	0.0	5	4.0	1	0.8
	High school diploma/GED	18	14.8	16	13.1	12	16.0	8	10.7	23	18.3	17	13.5
	Some college or associate degree	53	43.4	33	27.0	30	40.0	22	29.3	47	37.3	31	24.6
	Bachelor’s degree	33	27.0	43	35.2	25	33.3	25	33.3	35	27.8	44	34.9
	Graduate or professional degree	15	12.3	29	23.8	7	9.3	20	26.7	16	12.7	33	26.2
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	25	20.5	77	63.1	18	24.0	49	65.3	35	27.8	78	61.9
	Friend	37	30.3	14	11.5	19	25.3	8	10.7	34	27.0	15	11.9
	Other Family Member	60	49.2	28	23.0	38	50.7	16	21.3	57	45.2	30	23.8
	Other	0	0.0	3	2.5	0	0.0	2	2.7	0	0.0	3	2.4
Length of relationship	1–5 months	3	2.5	1	0.8	2	2.7	0	0.0	3	2.4	1	0.8
	6–11 months	1	0.8	1	0.8	1	1.3	1	1.3	0	0.0	1	0.8
	1–3 years	5	4.1	8	6.6	3	4.0	6	8.0	5	4.0	9	7.1
	More than 3 years	113	92.6	112	91.8	69	92.0	68	90.7	118	93.7	115	91.3
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Moderately well	7	5.7	3	2.5	5	6.7	3	4.0	5	4.0	4	3.2
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Very well	115	94.3	119	97.5	70	93.3	72	96.0	121	96.0	122	96.8
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?	Monthly	11	9.0	2	1.6	9	12.0	0	0.0	8	6.3	2	1.6
	Weekly	41	33.6	19	15.6	25	33.3	10	13.3	34	27.0	20	15.9
	Daily	70	57.4	101	82.8	41	54.7	65	86.7	84	66.7	104	82.5
Age in years M (SD)		40.9 (14.7)		37.3 (13.2)		39.6 (14.5)		37.0 (12.6)		40.8 (14.3)		37.9 (13.1)
Total		122	100.0	122	100.0	75	100.0	75	100.0	126	100.0	126	100.0

Click to expand

Table J.27. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Gender Matched Samples

Demographic		Self-Report				Observer
		Male		Female		Male		Female
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	0	0.0	463	100.0	0	0.0	444	100.0
Gender	Male	463	100.0	0	0.0	444	100.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	15	3.2	15	3.2	8	1.8	6	1.4
	Black	39	8.4	39	8.4	49	11.0	49	11.0
	Hispanic	50	10.8	50	10.8	39	8.8	39	8.8
	White	316	68.3	317	68.5	312	70.3	312	70.3
	Other	3	0.6	2	0.4	6	1.4	6	1.4
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	37	8.0	36	7.8	29	6.5	29	6.5
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	3	0.6	4	0.9	1	0.2	3	0.7
Education Level	No high school diploma	37	8.0	37	8.0	37	8.3	37	8.3
	High school diploma/GED	144	31.1	144	31.1	139	31.3	139	31.3
	Some college or associate degree	147	31.7	147	31.7	135	30.4	135	30.4
	Bachelor’s degree	91	19.7	91	19.7	96	21.6	96	21.6
	Graduate or professional degree	44	9.5	44	9.5	37	8.3	37	8.3
U.S. Region	Northeast	69	14.9	79	17.1	69	15.5	77	17.3
	Midwest	81	17.5	94	20.3	93	20.9	96	21.6
	South	175	37.8	165	35.6	155	34.9	159	35.8
	West	98	21.2	85	18.4	97	21.8	80	18.0
Canadian Region	Central	21	4.5	26	5.6	16	3.6	20	4.5
	East	4	0.9	3	0.6	3	0.7	1	0.2
	West	15	3.2	11	2.4	11	2.5	11	2.5
Primary Language(s) Spoken	English only	408	88.1	408	88.1	400	90.1	400	90.1
Primary Language(s) Spoken	English and Non-English	55	11.9	55	11.9	44	9.9	44	9.9
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	7	1.5	4	0.9	5	1.1	0	0.0
	ADHD Combined	5	1.1	6	1.3	7	1.6	4	0.9
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.2	0	0.0
	Anxiety	7	1.5	10	2.2	9	2.0	6	1.4
	Depression	14	3.0	18	3.9	10	2.3	16	3.6
	Other Diagnoses	2	0.4	4	0.9	12	2.7	7	1.6
	No Diagnosis	444	95.9	444	95.9	425	95.7	425	95.7
Age in years M (SD)		50.4 (18.1)		50.7 (18.3)		51.3 (18.1)		51.1 (18.0)
Total		463	100.0	463	100.0	444	100.0	444	100.0

Click to expand

Table J.28. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: CAARS 2 Gender Matched Samples

Rater Demographic		Female		Male
Rater Demographic		N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	284	64.0	284	64.0
	Male	160	36.0	160	36.0
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	9	2.0	9	2.0
	Black	41	9.2	41	9.2
	Hispanic	40	9.0	40	9.0
	White	319	71.8	319	71.8
	Other	3	0.7	3	0.7
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	31	7.0	31	7.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	1	0.2	1	0.2
Education Level	No high school diploma	14	3.2	14	3.2
	High school diploma/GED	113	25.5	113	25.5
	Some college or associate degree	155	34.9	155	34.9
	Bachelor’s degree	110	24.8	110	24.8
	Graduate or professional degree	52	11.7	52	11.7
U.S. Region	Northeast	64	14.4	64	14.4
	Midwest	88	19.8	88	19.8
	South	173	39.0	173	39.0
	West	87	19.6	87	19.6
Canadian Region	Central	18	4.1	18	4.1
	East	2	0.5	2	0.5
	West	12	2.7	12	2.7
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	134	30.2	134	30.2
	Friend	99	22.3	99	22.3
	Other Family Member	207	46.6	207	46.6
	Other	4	0.9	4	0.9
Length of relationship	1–5 months	2	0.5	2	0.5
	6–11 months	3	0.7	3	0.7
	1–3 years	19	4.3	19	4.3
	More than 3 years	420	94.6	420	94.6
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Moderately well	32	7.2	32	7.2
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Very well	412	92.8	412	92.8
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?	Monthly	38	8.6	38	8.6
	Weekly	149	33.6	149	33.6
	Daily	257	57.9	257	57.9
Age in years M (SD)		46.6 (15.5)		46.6 (15.5)
Total		444	100.0	444	100.0

Click to expand

Table J.29. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Self-Report U.S. Race/Ethnicity Matched Samples

Demographic		White vs. Asian				White vs. Black				White vs. Hispanic
		White		Asian		White		Black		White		Hispanic
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	26	50.0	26	50.0	73	52.9	73	52.9	42	45.2	42	45.2
Gender	Male	26	50.0	26	50.0	65	47.1	65	47.1	51	54.8	51	54.8
Education Level	No high school diploma	1	1.9	1	1.9	12	8.7	12	8.7	13	14.0	13	14.0
	High school diploma/GED	9	17.3	9	17.3	42	30.4	42	30.4	30	32.3	30	32.3
	Some college or associate degree	15	28.8	15	28.8	46	33.3	46	33.3	23	24.7	23	24.7
	Bachelor’s degree	16	30.8	16	30.8	30	21.7	30	21.7	22	23.7	22	23.7
	Graduate or professional degree	11	21.2	11	21.2	8	5.8	8	5.8	5	5.4	5	5.4
U.S. Region	Northeast	14	26.9	13	25.0	27	19.6	29	21.0	19	20.4	17	18.3
	Midwest	11	21.2	2	3.8	23	16.7	24	17.4	17	18.3	15	16.1
	South	17	32.7	8	15.4	63	45.7	68	49.3	39	41.9	33	35.5
	West	10	19.2	29	55.8	25	18.1	17	12.3	18	19.4	28	30.1
Primary Language(s) Spoken	English Only	42	80.8	42	80.8	135	97.8	135	97.8	64	68.8	64	68.8
Primary Language(s) Spoken	English and Non-English	10	19.2	10	19.2	3	2.2	3	2.2	29	31.2	29	31.2
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	––	––	––	––	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	ADHD Combined	––	––	––	––	0	0.0	1	0.7	1	1.1	0	0.0
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	––	––	––	––	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Anxiety	––	––	––	––	3	2.2	2	1.4	2	2.2	0	0.0
	Depression	––	––	––	––	4	2.9	5	3.6	3	3.2	3	3.2
	Other Diagnoses	––	––	––	––	1	0.7	0	0.0	2	2.2	1	1.1
	No Diagnosis	––	––	––	––	133	96.4	133	96.4	90	96.8	90	96.8
Age in years M (SD)		49.7 (17.7)		49.8 (18.6)		48.7 (17.7)		48.3 (17.5)		45.0 (18.4)		45.2 (18.6)
Total		52	100.0	52	100.0	138	100.0	138	100.0	93	100.0	93	100.0

Click to expand

Table J.30. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer U.S. Race/Ethnicity Matched Samples

Demographic		White vs. Asian				White vs. Black				White vs. Hispanic
		White		Asian		White		Black		White		Hispanic
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	20	57.1	20	57.1	74	48.7	74	48.7	57	55.3	57	55.3
Gender	Male	15	42.9	15	42.9	78	51.3	78	51.3	46	44.7	46	44.7
Education Level	No high school diploma	2	5.7	2	5.7	13	8.6	13	8.6	10	9.7	10	9.7
	High school diploma/GED	6	17.1	6	17.1	51	33.6	51	33.6	29	28.2	29	28.2
	Some college or associate degree	9	25.7	9	25.7	47	30.9	47	30.9	30	29.1	30	29.1
	Bachelor’s degree	10	28.6	10	28.6	30	19.7	30	19.7	21	20.4	21	20.4
	Graduate or professional degree	8	22.9	8	22.9	11	7.2	11	7.2	13	12.6	13	12.6
U.S. Region	Northeast	8	22.9	9	25.7	26	17.1	21	13.8	25	24.3	21	20.4
	Midwest	6	17.1	3	8.6	36	23.7	34	22.4	19	18.4	13	12.6
	South	14	40.0	10	28.6	53	34.9	81	53.3	40	38.8	30	29.1
	West	7	20.0	13	37.1	37	24.3	16	10.5	19	18.4	39	37.9
Primary Language(s) Spoken	English Only	20	57.1	20	57.1	148	97.4	148	97.4	77	74.8	77	74.8
Primary Language(s) Spoken	English and Non-English	15	42.9	15	42.9	4	2.6	4	2.6	26	25.2	26	25.2
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	––	––	––	––	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0	0	0
	ADHD Combined	––	––	––	––	1	0.7	0	0.0	0	0	0	0
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	––	––	––	––	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0	0	0
	Anxiety	––	––	––	––	1	0.7	2	1.3	1	1	0	0
	Depression	––	––	––	––	1	0.7	2	1.3	1	1	1	1
	Other Diagnoses	––	––	––	––	1	0.7	0	0.0	0	0	0	0
	No Diagnosis	––	––	––	––	149	98.0	149	98.0	102	99	102	99
Age in years M (SD)		50.3 (21.7)		50.3 (21.5)		48.2 (18.1)		47.6 (17.2)		46.0 (18.3)		46.0 (18.7)
Total		35	100.0	35	100.0	152	100.0	152	100.0	103	100.0	103	100.0

Click to expand

Table J.31. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: CAARS 2 Observer U.S. Race/Ethnicity Matched Samples

Demographic		White vs. Asian				White vs. Black				White vs. Hispanic
		White		Asian		White		Black		White		Hispanic
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	24	68.6	21	60.0	108	71.1	97	63.8	71	68.9	70	68
Gender	Male	11	31.4	14	40.0	44	28.9	55	36.2	32	31.1	33	32
Education Level	No high school diploma	2	5.7	0	0.0	8	5.3	3	2.0	7	6.8	3	2.9
	High school diploma/GED	5	14.3	7	20.0	35	23.0	39	25.7	18	17.5	24	23.3
	Some college or associate degree	13	37.1	10	28.6	68	44.7	59	38.8	40	38.8	31	30.1
	Bachelor’s degree	8	22.9	12	34.3	28	18.4	38	25.0	22	21.4	35	34
	Graduate or professional degree	7	20.0	6	17.1	13	8.6	13	8.6	16	15.5	10	9.7
Region	Northeast	7	20.0	9	25.7	22	14.5	23	15.1	22	21.4	20	19.4
	Midwest	4	11.4	3	8.6	36	23.7	29	19.1	19	18.4	14	13.6
	South	19	54.3	10	28.6	62	40.8	85	55.9	44	42.7	31	30.1
	West	5	14.3	13	37.1	32	21.1	15	9.9	18	17.5	38	36.9
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	11	31.4	12	34.3	9	5.9	35	23.0	14	13.6	20	19.4
	Friend	8	22.9	9	25.7	2	1.3	45	29.6	9	8.7	27	26.2
	Other Family Member	16	45.7	14	40.0	138	90.8	69	45.4	79	76.7	55	53.4
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	3	2.0	3	2.0	1	1	1	1
Length of relationship	1–5 months	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	1.3	0	0	0	0
	6 –11 months	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	1.3	0	0	3	2.9
	1–3 years	4	11.4	2	5.7	1	0.7	10	6.6	4	3.9	7	6.8
	More than 3 years	31	88.6	33	94.3	151	99.3	138	90.8	99	96.1	93	90.3
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Moderately Well	1	2.9	4	11.4	5	3.3	9	5.9	2	1.9	5	4.9
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Very Well	34	97.1	31	88.6	147	96.7	143	94.1	101	98.1	98	95.1
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?	Monthly	5	14.3	4	11.4	10	6.6	13	8.6	9	8.7	8	7.8
	Weekly	9	25.7	9	25.7	63	41.4	47	30.9	43	41.7	28	27.2
	Daily	21	60.0	22	62.9	79	52.0	92	60.5	51	49.5	67	65
Age in years M (SD)		46.5 (17.4)		43.5 (18.8)		45.2 (14.7)		43.2 (14.9)		47.3 (14.2)		39.6 (14.8)
Total		35	100.0	35	100.0	152	100.0	152	100.0	103	100.0	103	100.0

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Table J.32. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 U.S. and Canada Matched Samples

Demographic		Self-Report				Observer
		U.S.		Canada		U.S.		Canada
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	44	51.2	44	51.2	40	49.4	40	49.4
Gender	Male	42	48.8	42	48.8	41	50.6	41	50.6
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	7	8.1	—	—	9	11.1	—	—
	Black	0.0	0.0	—	—	0	0.0	—	—
	Hispanic	2	2.3	—	—	1	1.2	—	—
	White	74	86.0	—	—	70	86.4	—	—
	Other	3	3.5	—	—	1	1.2	—	—
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	—	—	76	88.4	—	—	70	86.4
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	—	—	10	11.6	—	—	11	13.6
Education Level	No high school diploma	10	11.6	10	11.6	7	8.6	7	8.6
	High school diploma/GED	24	27.9	24	27.9	23	28.4	23	28.4
	Some college or associate degree	27	31.4	27	31.4	27	33.3	27	33.3
	Bachelor’s degree	18	20.9	18	20.9	13	16.0	13	16.0
	Graduate or professional degree	7	8.1	7	8.1	11	13.6	11	13.6
U.S. Region	Northeast	13	15.1	—	—	19	23.5	—	—
	Midwest	16	18.6	—	—	17	21.0	—	—
	South	33	38.4	—	—	26	32.1	—	—
	West	24	27.9	—	—	19	23.5	—	—
Canadian Region	Central	—	—	49	57.0	—	—	44	54.3
	East	—	—	8	9.3	—	—	6	7.4
	West	—	—	29	33.7	—	—	31	38.3
Primary Language(s) Spoken	English Only	74	86.0	74	86.0	60	74.1	60	74.1
Primary Language(s) Spoken	English and Non-English	12	14.0	12	14.0	21	25.9	21	25.9
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	2	2.3	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	ADHD Combined	1	1.2	1	1.2	0	0.0	1	1.2
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	9	10.5	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Anxiety	2	2.3	2	2.3	1	1.2	1	1.2
	Depression	1	1.2	3	3.5	2	2.5	2	2.5
	Other Diagnoses	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	1.2	0	0.0
	No Diagnosis	83	96.5	83	96.5	79	97.5	79	97.5
Age in years M (SD)		51.8 (18.4)		52.3 (18.7)		52.2 (18.3)		52.2 (18.6)
Total		86	100.0	86	100.0	81	100.0	81	100.0

Click to expand

Table J.33. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: CAARS 2 U.S. and Canada Matched Samples

Demographic		U.S.		Canada
Demographic		N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	60	74.1	46	56.8
Gender	Male	21	25.9	35	43.2
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Asian	5	6.2	––	––
	Black	1	1.2	––	––
	Hispanic	4	4.9	––	––
	White	68	84.0	––	––
	Other	3	3.7	––	––
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	––	––	68	84.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	––	––	13	16.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	1	1.2	1	1.2
	High school diploma/GED	17	21.0	23	28.4
	Some college or associate degree	39	48.1	32	39.5
	Bachelor’s degree	17	21.0	21	25.9
	Graduate or professional degree	7	8.6	4	4.9
U.S. Region	Northeast	18	22.2	––	––
	Midwest	18	22.2	––	––
	South	28	34.6	––	––
	West	17	21.0	––	––
Canadian Region	Central	––	––	46	56.8
	East	––	––	6	7.4
	West	––	––	29	35.8
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	7	8.6	24	29.6
	Friend	7	8.6	16	19.8
	Other Family Member	65	80.2	40	49.4
	Other	2	2.5	1	1.2
Length of relationship	1–3 years	1	1.2	3	3.7
Length of relationship	More than 3 years	80	98.8	78	96.3
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Moderately well	2	2.5	3	3.7
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Very well	79	97.5	78	96.3
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?	Monthly	10	12.3	6	7.4
	Weekly	30	37.0	31	38.3
	Daily	41	50.6	44	54.3
Age in years M (SD)		44.1 (14.6)	49.0 (14.1)	44.1 (14.6)	49.0 (14.1)
Total		81	100.0	81	100.0

Click to expand

Table J.34. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals and Raters: CAARS 2 French Translation

Demographic		Rated Individual				Raters
		Self-Report		Observer		Raters
		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	140	51.1	90	46.2	109	55.9
	Female	134	48.9	104	53.3	84	43.1
	Other	0	0.0	1	0.5	2	1.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not a visible minority	231	84.3	178	91.3	171	87.7
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	43	15.7	17	8.7	20	10.3
Canadian Region	Central	263	96.0	192	98.5	186	95.3
	East	4	1.5	1	0.5	7	3.7
	West	7	2.6	2	1.0	2	1.0
Education Level	No highs chool diploma	9	3.3	9	4.6	6	3.1
	High school diploma/GED	60	21.9	43	22.1	34	17.4
	Some college or associate degree	104	38.0	98	50.3	83	42.6
	Bachelor’s degree	67	24.5	32	16.4	48	24.6
	Graduate or professional degree	34	12.4	13	6.7	24	12.3
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	––	––	––	––	121	62.1
	Friend	––	––	––	––	32	16.4
	Other Family Member	––	––	––	––	35	17.9
	Other	––	––	––	––	7	3.6
How long has the rater known the individual being rated?	1–5 months	––	––	––	––	2	1.0
	6–11 months	––	––	––	––	3	1.5
	1–3 years	––	––	––	––	10	5.1
	More than 3 years	––	––	––	––	180	92.3
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Moderately well	––	––	––	––	12	6.2
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Very well	––	––	––	––	183	93.8
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?	Monthly	––	––	––	––	9	4.6
	Weekly	––	––	––	––	28	14.4
	Daily	––	––	––	––	158	81.0
Age in years M (SD)		46.3 (17.2)		51.0 (17.1)		49.2 (17.1)
Total		274	100.0	195	100.0	195	100.0

Note. Race/Ethnicity was not provided for four Observers.

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Table J.35. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals and Raters: CAARS 2 Spanish Translation

Demographic		Rated Individual				Raters
		Self-Report		Observer		Raters
		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	157	55.5	122	53.0	92	40.0
	Female	125	44.2	107	46.5	137	59.6
	Other	1	0.4	1	0.4	1	0.4
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	253	89.4	178	77.4	228	99.1
	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	2	0.7	3	1.3	0	0.0
	White	26	9.2	45	19.6	2	0.9
	Other	2	0.7	4	1.7	0	0.0
Hispanic Origin	Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano	112	44.3	71	39.9	90	39.5
	Puerto Rican	44	17.4	36	20.2	40	17.5
	Cuban	22	8.7	21	11.8	31	13.6
	Other Hispanic, Latin, or Spanish Origin	75	29.6	50	28.1	67	29.4
U.S. Region	Northeast	48	17.0	34	14.8	34	14.8
	Midwest	24	8.5	20	8.7	20	8.7
	South	139	49.1	119	51.7	119	51.7
	West	72	25.4	57	24.8	57	24.8
Education Level	No high school diploma	3	1.1	12	5.2	1	0.4
	High school diploma/GED	32	11.3	40	17.4	28	12.2
	Some college or associate degree	82	29.0	56	24.3	68	29.6
	Bachelor’s degree	102	36.0	64	27.8	81	35.2
	Graduate or professional degree	64	22.6	58	25.2	52	22.6
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	––	––	––	––	140	60.9
	Friend	––	––	––	––	45	19.6
	Other family member	––	––	––	––	36	15.7
	Other	––	––	––	––	9	3.9
How long has the rater known the individual being rated?	1–5 months	––	––	––	––	1	0.4
	6–11 months	––	––	––	––	3	1.3
	1–3 years	––	––	––	––	11	4.8
	More than 3 years	––	––	––	––	215	93.5
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Moderately well	––	––	––	––	14	6.1
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Very well	––	––	––	––	216	93.9
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?	Monthly	––	––	––	––	8	3.5
	Weekly	––	––	––	––	27	11.7
	Daily	––	––	––	––	195	84.8
Age in years M (SD)		45.0 (15.3)		49.0 (16.1)		48.6 (15.1)
Total		283	100.0	230	100.0	230	100.0

Note. The % column in the Hispanic Origin section has a total sample size equal to the number of individuals who identified as Hispanic in the U.S. Race/Ethnicity section.

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Table J.36. Demographic Characteristics for the 2019 and 2022 Samples: CAARS 2 Self-Report

Demographic		2019 Sample		2022 Sample
Demographic		N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	125	50.2	125	50.2
	Female	124	49.8	124	49.8
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0
Race/Ethnicity	Asian	13	5.2	13	5.2
	Black	38	15.3	38	15.3
	Hispanic	25	10.0	25	10.0
	Other	5	2.0	5	2.0
	White	168	67.5	168	67.5
U.S. Region	Midwest	48	19.3	44	17.7
	Northeast	40	16.1	45	18.1
	South	106	42.6	120	48.2
	West	55	22.1	40	16.1
Education Level	No high school diploma	7	2.8	7	2.8
	High school diploma/GED	63	25.3	63	25.3
	Some college or associate degree	98	39.4	98	39.4
	Bachelor’s degree	54	21.7	54	21.7
	Graduate or professional degree	27	10.8	27	10.8
Age in years M (SD)		44.2 (17.8)		44.0 (17.4)
Total Sample		249		249

Click to expand

Table J.37. Demographic Characteristics for the 2019 and 2022 Samples: CAARS 2 Observer

Demographic		2019 Sample				2022 Sample
		Rater		Rated Individual		Rater		Rated Individual
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Female	165	70.5	117	50	135	57.7	117	50
	Male	69	29.5	117	50	98	41.9	117	50
	Other	0	0	0	0	1	0.4	0	0
Race/Ethnicity	Asian	6	2.6	8	3.4	8	3.4	8	3.4
	Black	24	10.3	29	12.4	26	11.1	29	12.4
	Hispanic	40	17.2	29	12.4	33	14.1	29	12.4
	White	160	68.7	163	69.7	162	69.2	163	69.7
	Other	3	1.3	5	2.1	5	2.1	5	2.1
Education Level	No high school diploma	7	3	12	5.1	10	4.3	12	5.1
	High school diploma/GED	48	20.6	83	35.5	72	30.8	83	35.5
	Some college or associate degree	93	39.9	65	27.8	65	27.8	65	27.8
	Bachelor’s degree	62	26.6	42	17.9	57	24.4	42	17.9
	Graduate or professional degree	23	9.9	32	13.7	30	12.8	32	13.7
U.S. Region	Northeast	––	––	48	20.5	––	––	50	21.4
	Midwest	––	––	43	18.4	––	––	38	16.2
	South	––	––	80	34.2	––	––	108	46.2
	West	––	––	63	26.9	––	––	38	16.2
Relation to individual being rated	Spouse	29	12.4	––	––	73	31.2	––	––
	Other family member	170	72.6	––	––	103	44	––	––
	Friend	32	13.7	––	––	53	22.6	––	––
	Other	3	1.3	––	––	5	2.1	––	––
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Moderately well	12	5.1	––	––	10	4.3	––	––
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?	Very well	222	94.9	––	––	224	95.7	––	––
Length of relationship	1-5 months	1	0.4	––	––	2	0.9	––	––
	6-11 months	1	0.4	––	––	5	2.1	––	––
	1-3 years	8	3.4	––	––	21	9	––	––
	More than 3 years	224	95.7	––	––	206	88	––	––
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?	Monthly	28	12	––	––	22	9.4	––	––
	Weekly	90	38.5	––	––	63	26.9	––	––
	Daily	116	49.6	––	––	149	63.7	––	––
Age in years M (SD)		42.5 (15.7)		43.7 (17.8)		46.2 (17.8)		43.1 (17.3)
Total		234				234

Note. Matched samples were selected based on characteristics of the rated individual.