Manual

CAARS 2 Manual

Chapter 6: Development, Tables

print this section

Click to expand
Click to expand

Table 6.2. Demographic Characteristics of the CAARS 2 Observer Pilot Study General Population Samples

Demographic Observer: Rated Individual 2010
Census % 		Observer: Rater
N % N %
Age (in years) 18–24 70 13.8 –– 67 13.2
25–34 72 14.2 77 15.2
35–44 74 14.6 55 10.9
45–54 74 14.6 77 15.2
55–64 72 14.2 93 18.4
65–74 72 14.2 74 14.6
75+ 72 14.2 63 12.5
Gender Male 243 48.0 –– 214 42.3
Female 263 52.0 292 57.7
U.S. Race/Ethnicity Hispanic 47 9.3 10.1 38 7.5
Black 47 9.3 10.0 82 16.2
White 387 76.5 73.2 359 170.9
Other 25 4.9 6.6 27 5.3
U.S. Region Northeast 91 18 17.8 92 18.2
Midwest 117 23.1 21.4 115 22.7
South 182 36.0 36.0 183 36.2
West 116 22.9 22.9 116 22.9
Education Level High school diploma or lower 200 39.5 42.9 146 28.9
Some college or associate degree 154 30.4 31.6 203 40.1
Bachelor’s degree or higher 152 27.7 26.4 157 31.0
Relation to individual being rated Spouse –– –– –– 148 29.2
Friend –– –– –– 121 23.9
Other Family Member –– –– –– 233 46.0
Other –– –– –– 4 0.8
Length of relationship 1–3 years –– –– –– 23 4.5
More than 3 years –– –– –– 483 95.5
How well does the rater know the individual being rated? Moderately Well –– –– –– 57 11.3
Very Well –– –– –– 449 88.7
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated? Monthly –– –– –– 55 10.9
Weekly –– –– –– 175 34.6
Daily –– –– –– 276 54.5
Total 506 100.0 100.0 506 100.0
Click to expand

Table 6.3. Demographic Characteristics of the CAARS 2 Pilot Study Clinical Samples

Demographic Self-Report Observer:
Rated
Individual 		Observer:
Rater
N % N % N %
Age (in years) 18–24 53 35.3 50 40.7 16 13.0
25–34 37 24.7 30 24.4 32 26.0
35–44 31 20.7 26 21.1 24 19.5
45–54 20 13.3 13 10.6 30 24.4
55–64 8 5.3 4 3.3 16 13.0
65+ 1 0.7 0 0.0 5 4.1
Gender Male 63 42.0 54 43.9 34 27.6
Female 87 58.0 69 56.1 89 72.4
Race/Ethnicity Hispanic 12 8.0 5 4.1 8 6.5
Black 5 3.3 5 4.1 3 2.4
White 129 86.0 108 87.8 106 86.2
Other 4 2.7 5 4.1 6 4.9
Region U.S. Northeast 37 24.7 36 29.3 36 29.3
U.S. Midwest 23 15.3 19 15.4 19 15.4
U.S. South 56 37.3 43 35.0 41 33.3
U.S. West 12 8.0 12 9.8 14 11.4
Canada 22 14.7 13 10.6 13 10.6
Education Level High school diploma or lower 32 21.3 25 20.3 24 19.5
Some college or associate degree 51 34.0 44 35.8 24 19.5
Bachelor’s degree or higher 67 44.7 53 43.1 75 61.0
Diagnosis ADHD Inattentive 62 41.3 48 39.0 –– ––
ADHD Combined 56 37.3 46 37.4 –– ––
Other clinical diagnoses 32 21.3 29 23.6 –– ––
Relation to individual being rated Spouse –– –– –– –– 57 46.3
Friend –– –– –– –– 14 11.4
Other Family Member –– –– –– –– 48 39.0
Other –– –– –– –– 4 3.3
Length of relationship 1–3 years –– –– –– –– 21 17.1
More than 3 years –– –– –– –– 101 82.1
How well does the rater know the individual being rated? Moderately Well –– –– –– –– 10 8.1
Very Well –– –– –– –– 113 91.9
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated? Monthly –– –– –– –– 0 0.0
Weekly –– –– –– –– 21 17.1
Daily –– –– –– –– 102 82.9
Total 150 100.0 123 100.0 123 100.0
Click to expand

Table 6.4. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 Standardization Phase Self-Report and Observer Total Samples

Demographic Self-Report Observer:
Rated Individuals 		Observer:
Raters
N % N % N %
Gender Male 1,031 46.2 1,022 47.5 764 35.5
Female 1,190 53.3 1,125 52.3 1,386 64.4
Other 11 0.5 5 0.2 2 0.1
U.S. Race/Ethnicity Hispanic 229 10.3 232 10.8 238 11.1
Asian 92 4.1 69 3.2 59 2.7
Black 187 8.4 200 9.3 185 8.6
White 1,336 59.9 1,281 59.5 1,292 60.0
Other 43 1.9 41 1.9 42 2.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity Not a visible minority 286 12.8 262 12.2 271 12.6
Visible minority 59 2.6 67 3.1 65 3.0
U.S. Region Northeast 341 15.3 337 15.7 328 15.2
Midwest 430 19.3 417 19.4 409 19.0
South 710 31.8 662 30.8 708 32.9
West 406 18.2 407 18.9 371 17.2
Canadian Region Central 208 9.3 216 10.0 224 10.4
East 24 1.1 25 1.2 25 1.2
West 113 5.1 88 4.1 87 4.0
Education Level No high school diploma 154 6.9 173 8.0 68 3.2
High school diploma/GED 559 25.0 624 29.0 509 23.7
Some college or associate degree 758 34.0 666 30.9 809 37.6
Bachelor’s degree or higher 473 21.2 418 19.4 520 24.2
Graduate or professional degree 288 12.9 271 12.6 246 11.4
Diagnosis ADHD Inattentive 114 5.1 65 3.0 –– ––
ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive 10 0.4 9 0.4 –– ––
ADHD Combined 131 5.9 96 4.5 –– ––
Other clinical diagnoses 184 8.2 145 6.7 –– ––
No Diagnosis 1,793 80.3 1,837 85.4 –– ––
Relation to individual being rated Spouse –– –– –– –– 620 28.8
Friend –– –– –– –– 530 24.6
Other Family Member –– –– –– –– 975 45.3
Other –– –– –– –– 27 1.3
Length of relationship 1–5 months –– –– –– –– 14 0.7
6–11 months –– –– –– –– 16 0.7
1–3 years –– –– –– –– 140 6.5
More than 3 years –– –– –– –– 1,982 92.1
How well does the rater know the individual being rated? Moderately Well –– –– –– –– 141 6.6
Very Well –– –– –– –– 2,011 93.4
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated? Monthly –– –– –– –– 150 7.0
Weekly –– –– –– –– 608 28.3
Daily –– –– –– –– 1,394 64.8
Age in years M (SD) 47.5 (19.3) 47.7 (19.7) 43.8 (15.8)
Total N 2,232 2,152 2,152
Click to expand

Table 6.5. Classification Accuracy Statistics: CAARS 2 Self-Report and Observer

Classification Accuracy Statistic Self-Report Observer
Fake ADHD vs.
Honest Responders 		Fake ADHD vs.
Genuine ADHD 		Fake Bad vs.
Honest Responders 		Fake ADHD vs.
Honest Responders 		Fake ADHD vs.
Genuine ADHD 		Fake Bad vs.
Honest Responders
Overall Correct Classification (%) 94.7 82.6 95.5 94.3 79.9 95.6
Sensitivity (%) 59.0 59.0 79.4 53.2 53.2 85.1
Specificity (%) 96.3 91.8 96.3 96.1 94.7 96.1
Positive Predictive Value (%) 41.3 73.8 49.1 37.0 84.7 48.5
Negative Predictive Value (%) 98.1 85.1 99.0 97.9 78.5 99.3
Kappa .46 .54 .58 .41 .52 .60
Note. Honest Raters = General Population, ADHD, and other clinical samples (N = 2,241 for Self-Report and 2,152 for Observer); Genuine ADHD = ADHD Reference Sample (N = 255 for Self-Report and 170 for Observer); Fake ADHD = individuals from the Fake ADHD simulation study (N = 102 for Self-Report and 94 for Observer); Fake Bad = individuals from the Fake Bad simulation study (N = 100 for Self-Report and 94 for Observer).
Click to expand
Click to expand
Click to expand