CAARS 2 Manual Appendix J: Sample Descriptions |
This appendix provides tables that describe the samples used within this manual. Demographic characteristics of the
individual being rated, as well as the raters, are provided for the Gender Specific Normative Samples (see
chapter
7, Standardization, for Combined Gender Normative Samples’ demographic characteristics), as well as
the
samples used
to provide evidence of reliability, validity, and fairness for the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale 2nd Edition
(CAARS™ 2; see chapters 8 through 12 for
study
descriptions and detailed results).
Standardization
Table J.1. Gender × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Self-Report Gender Specific Normative Sample
|
Age (in years)
|
Females
|
Males
|
|
18–24
|
55
|
55
|
|
25–29
|
55
|
55
|
|
30–39
|
110
|
110
|
|
40–49
|
110
|
110
|
|
50–59
|
110
|
110
|
|
60–69
|
110
|
110
|
|
70+
|
126
|
94
|
|
Total
|
676
|
644
|
|
Total (%)
|
51.2
|
48.8
|
Table J.2. Gender × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer Gender Specific Normative Sample
|
Age (in years)
|
Females
|
Males
|
|
18–24
|
55
|
55
|
|
25–29
|
55
|
55
|
|
30–39
|
110
|
110
|
|
40–49
|
110
|
110
|
|
50–59
|
110
|
110
|
|
60–69
|
110
|
110
|
|
70+
|
126
|
94
|
|
Total
|
676
|
644
|
|
Total (%)
|
51.2
|
48.8
|
Table J.3a. Race/Ethnicity × Country × Age Group: CAARS 2 Self-Report Gender Specific Normative Sample (Males)
|
Age (in years)
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
Total
|
|
Asian
|
Black
|
Hispanic
|
White
|
Other
|
Subtotal
|
Not a visible
minority
|
Visible minority
|
Subtotal
|
|
18–24
|
3
|
7
|
12
|
26
|
2
|
50
|
4
|
1
|
5
|
55
|
|
25–29
|
2
|
7
|
11
|
29
|
1
|
50
|
4
|
1
|
5
|
55
|
|
30–39
|
4
|
13
|
18
|
62
|
3
|
100
|
7
|
3
|
10
|
110
|
|
40–49
|
6
|
12
|
17
|
64
|
1
|
100
|
8
|
2
|
10
|
110
|
|
50–59
|
6
|
14
|
11
|
66
|
3
|
100
|
9
|
1
|
10
|
110
|
|
60–69
|
5
|
8
|
13
|
72
|
2
|
100
|
9
|
1
|
10
|
110
|
|
70+
|
5
|
7
|
7
|
66
|
1
|
86
|
6
|
2
|
8
|
94
|
|
Total
|
31
|
68
|
89
|
385
|
13
|
586
|
47
|
11
|
58
|
644
|
|
Total (%)
|
5.3
|
11.6
|
15.2
|
65.7
|
2.2
|
100.0
|
81.0
|
19.0
|
100.0
|
|
|
Census (%)
|
6.0
|
13.0
|
17.0
|
61.2
|
2.9
|
|
79.8
|
20.2
|
|
Note.
U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016
Statistics Canada National Census
Table J.3b. Race/Ethnicity × Country × Age Group: CAARS 2 Self-Report Gender Specific Normative Sample (Females)
|
Age (in
years)
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
Total
|
|
Asian
|
Black
|
Hispanic
|
White
|
Other
|
Subtotal
|
Not a visible
minority
|
Visible minority
|
Subtotal
|
|
18–24
|
3
|
7
|
12
|
26
|
2
|
50
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
55
|
|
25–29
|
4
|
5
|
10
|
30
|
1
|
50
|
4
|
1
|
5
|
55
|
|
30–39
|
4
|
12
|
19
|
62
|
3
|
100
|
8
|
2
|
10
|
110
|
|
40–49
|
7
|
14
|
12
|
66
|
1
|
100
|
9
|
1
|
10
|
110
|
|
50–59
|
6
|
14
|
13
|
66
|
1
|
100
|
8
|
2
|
10
|
110
|
|
60–69
|
5
|
13
|
12
|
68
|
2
|
100
|
8
|
2
|
10
|
110
|
|
70+
|
7
|
12
|
10
|
84
|
1
|
114
|
9
|
3
|
12
|
126
|
|
Total
|
36
|
77
|
88
|
402
|
11
|
614
|
49
|
13
|
62
|
676
|
|
Total (%)
|
5.9
|
12.5
|
14.3
|
65.5
|
1.8
|
100.0
|
79.0
|
21.0
|
100.0
|
|
|
Census (%)
|
5.9
|
12.8
|
16.9
|
61.5
|
2.9
|
|
78.8
|
21.2
|
|
Note.
U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016
Statistics Canada National Census.
Table J.4a. Race/Ethnicity × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer Gender Specific Normative Sample (Males)
|
Age (in years)
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
Total
|
|
Asian
|
Black
|
Hispanic
|
White
|
Other
|
Subtotal
|
Not a visible minority
|
Visible minority
|
Subtotal
|
|
18–24
|
2
|
6
|
11
|
28
|
3
|
50
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
55
|
|
25–29
|
4
|
7
|
10
|
27
|
2
|
50
|
4
|
1
|
5
|
55
|
|
30–39
|
3
|
16
|
18
|
60
|
3
|
100
|
8
|
2
|
10
|
110
|
|
40–49
|
4
|
14
|
12
|
68
|
2
|
100
|
7
|
3
|
10
|
110
|
|
50–59
|
3
|
15
|
15
|
65
|
2
|
100
|
8
|
2
|
10
|
110
|
|
60–69
|
3
|
13
|
10
|
72
|
2
|
100
|
10
|
0
|
10
|
110
|
|
70+
|
5
|
7
|
8
|
65
|
1
|
86
|
7
|
1
|
8
|
94
|
|
Total
|
24
|
78
|
84
|
385
|
15
|
586
|
47
|
11
|
58
|
644
|
|
Total (%)
|
4.1
|
13.3
|
14.3
|
65.7
|
2.6
|
100.0
|
81.0
|
19.0
|
100.0
|
|
|
Census (%)
|
6.0
|
13.0
|
17.0
|
61.2
|
2.9
|
|
79.8
|
20.2
|
|
Note.
U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016
Statistics Canada National Census.
Table J.4b. Race/Ethnicity × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer Gender Specific Normative Sample (Females)
|
Age (in years)
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
Total
|
|
Asian
|
Black
|
Hispanic
|
White
|
Other
|
Subtotal
|
Not a visible
minority
|
Visible minority
|
Subtotal
|
|
18–24
|
4
|
6
|
10
|
26
|
4
|
50
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
55
|
|
25–29
|
2
|
9
|
8
|
29
|
2
|
50
|
4
|
1
|
5
|
55
|
|
30–39
|
4
|
15
|
20
|
58
|
3
|
100
|
8
|
2
|
10
|
110
|
|
40–49
|
5
|
12
|
15
|
66
|
2
|
100
|
8
|
2
|
10
|
110
|
|
50–59
|
7
|
12
|
15
|
64
|
2
|
100
|
9
|
1
|
10
|
110
|
|
60–69
|
4
|
12
|
11
|
68
|
5
|
100
|
8
|
2
|
10
|
110
|
|
70+
|
4
|
12
|
12
|
85
|
1
|
114
|
8
|
4
|
12
|
126
|
|
Total
|
30
|
78
|
91
|
396
|
19
|
614
|
48
|
14
|
62
|
676
|
|
Total (%)
|
4.9
|
12.7
|
14.8
|
64.5
|
3.1
|
100.0
|
77.4
|
22.6
|
100.0
|
|
|
Census (%)
|
5.9
|
12.8
|
16.9
|
61.5
|
2.9
|
|
78.8
|
21.2
|
|
Note.
U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016
Statistics Canada National Census
Table J.5a. Region × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Self-Report Gender Specific Normative Sample (Males)
|
Age (in years)
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
Total
|
|
Northeast
|
Midwest
|
South
|
West
|
Subtotal
|
East
|
Central
|
West
|
Subtotal
|
|
18–24
|
9
|
7
|
21
|
13
|
50
|
0
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
55
|
|
25–29
|
8
|
10
|
19
|
13
|
50
|
0
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
55
|
|
30–39
|
17
|
20
|
38
|
25
|
100
|
0
|
6
|
4
|
10
|
110
|
|
40–49
|
18
|
21
|
38
|
23
|
100
|
1
|
7
|
2
|
10
|
110
|
|
50–59
|
19
|
20
|
40
|
21
|
100
|
2
|
5
|
3
|
10
|
110
|
|
60–69
|
17
|
19
|
40
|
24
|
100
|
1
|
6
|
3
|
10
|
110
|
|
70+
|
14
|
20
|
33
|
19
|
86
|
0
|
6
|
2
|
8
|
94
|
|
Total
|
102
|
117
|
229
|
138
|
586
|
4
|
36
|
18
|
58
|
644
|
|
Total (%)
|
17.4
|
20.0
|
39.1
|
23.5
|
100.0
|
6.9
|
62.1
|
31.0
|
100.0
|
|
|
Census (%)
|
17.0
|
20.9
|
37.9
|
24.1
|
|
6.8
|
61.5
|
31.7
|
|
Note.
U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016
Statistics Canada National Census
Table J.5b. Region × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Self-Report Gender Specific Normative Sample (Females)
|
Age (in years)
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
Total
|
|
Northeast
|
Midwest
|
South
|
West
|
Subtotal
|
East
|
Central
|
West
|
Subtotal
|
|
18–24
|
9
|
10
|
20
|
11
|
50
|
0
|
4
|
1
|
5
|
55
|
|
25–29
|
10
|
12
|
18
|
10
|
50
|
0
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
55
|
|
30–39
|
21
|
24
|
36
|
19
|
100
|
0
|
7
|
3
|
10
|
110
|
|
40–49
|
18
|
22
|
39
|
21
|
100
|
1
|
5
|
4
|
10
|
110
|
|
50–59
|
17
|
20
|
39
|
24
|
100
|
1
|
6
|
3
|
10
|
110
|
|
60–69
|
20
|
22
|
37
|
21
|
100
|
1
|
7
|
2
|
10
|
110
|
|
70+
|
21
|
25
|
42
|
26
|
114
|
2
|
6
|
4
|
12
|
126
|
|
Total
|
116
|
135
|
231
|
132
|
614
|
5
|
38
|
19
|
62
|
676
|
|
Total (%)
|
18.9
|
22.0
|
37.6
|
21.5
|
100.0
|
8.1
|
61.3
|
30.6
|
100.0
|
|
|
Census (%)
|
17.3
|
20.8
|
38.3
|
23.5
|
|
6.9
|
61.9
|
31.2
|
|
Note.
U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016
Statistics Canada National Census.
Table J.6a. Region × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer Gender Specific Normative Sample (Males)
|
Age (in years)
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
Total
|
|
Northeast
|
Midwest
|
South
|
West
|
Subtotal
|
East
|
Central
|
West
|
Subtotal
|
|
18–24
|
10
|
9
|
20
|
11
|
50
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
5
|
55
|
|
25–29
|
8
|
9
|
19
|
14
|
50
|
0
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
55
|
|
30–39
|
17
|
20
|
38
|
25
|
100
|
0
|
7
|
3
|
10
|
110
|
|
40–49
|
18
|
24
|
36
|
22
|
100
|
1
|
5
|
4
|
10
|
110
|
|
50–59
|
18
|
20
|
39
|
23
|
100
|
1
|
6
|
3
|
10
|
110
|
|
60–69
|
15
|
23
|
40
|
22
|
100
|
1
|
6
|
3
|
10
|
110
|
|
70+
|
15
|
19
|
32
|
20
|
86
|
0
|
6
|
2
|
8
|
94
|
|
Total
|
101
|
124
|
224
|
137
|
586
|
4
|
35
|
19
|
58
|
644
|
|
Total (%)
|
17.2
|
21.2
|
38.2
|
23.4
|
100.0
|
6.9
|
60.3
|
32.8
|
100.0
|
|
|
Census (%)
|
17.0
|
20.9
|
37.9
|
24.1
|
|
6.8
|
61.5
|
31.7
|
|
Note.
U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016
Statistics Canada National Census.
Table J.6b. Region × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer Gender Specific Normative Sample (Females)
|
Age (in years)
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
Total
|
|
Northeast
|
Midwest
|
South
|
West
|
Subtotal
|
East
|
Central
|
West
|
Subtotal
|
|
18–24
|
9
|
10
|
18
|
13
|
50
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
5
|
55
|
|
25–29
|
10
|
13
|
16
|
11
|
50
|
0
|
3
|
2
|
5
|
55
|
|
30–39
|
20
|
24
|
37
|
19
|
100
|
1
|
6
|
3
|
10
|
110
|
|
40–49
|
18
|
20
|
43
|
19
|
100
|
0
|
6
|
4
|
10
|
110
|
|
50–59
|
16
|
17
|
41
|
26
|
100
|
1
|
6
|
3
|
10
|
110
|
|
60–69
|
20
|
23
|
37
|
20
|
100
|
0
|
7
|
3
|
10
|
110
|
|
70+
|
21
|
25
|
42
|
26
|
114
|
2
|
6
|
4
|
12
|
126
|
|
Total
|
114
|
132
|
234
|
134
|
614
|
5
|
37
|
20
|
62
|
676
|
|
Total (%)
|
18.6
|
21.5
|
38.1
|
21.8
|
100.0
|
8.1
|
59.7
|
32.3
|
100.0
|
|
|
Census (%)
|
17.3
|
20.8
|
38.3
|
23.5
|
|
6.9
|
61.9
|
31.2
|
|
Note.
U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016
Statistics Canada National Census
Table J.7a. Education Level × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Self-Report Gender Specific Normative Sample (Males)
|
Age (in years)
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
Total
|
|
EL 1
|
EL 2
|
EL 3
|
EL 4
|
EL 5
|
Subtotal
|
EL 1
|
EL 2
|
EL 3
|
EL 4
|
EL 5
|
Subtotal
|
|
18–24
|
10
|
16
|
20
|
4
|
0
|
50
|
0
|
3
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
55
|
|
25–29
|
4
|
13
|
15
|
13
|
5
|
50
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
55
|
|
30–39
|
6
|
28
|
29
|
24
|
13
|
100
|
1
|
4
|
3
|
2
|
0
|
10
|
110
|
|
40–49
|
7
|
29
|
26
|
24
|
14
|
100
|
1
|
3
|
4
|
2
|
0
|
10
|
110
|
|
50–59
|
7
|
27
|
30
|
22
|
14
|
100
|
0
|
4
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
10
|
110
|
|
60–69
|
9
|
28
|
27
|
23
|
13
|
100
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
3
|
2
|
10
|
110
|
|
70+
|
12
|
30
|
14
|
16
|
14
|
86
|
2
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
8
|
94
|
|
Total
|
55
|
171
|
161
|
126
|
73
|
586
|
6
|
17
|
17
|
12
|
6
|
58
|
644
|
|
Total (%)
|
9.4
|
29.2
|
27.5
|
21.5
|
12.5
|
100.0
|
10.3
|
29.3
|
29.3
|
20.7
|
10.3
|
100.0
|
|
|
Census (%)
|
11.4
|
30.1
|
27.0
|
20.2
|
11.4
|
|
15.5
|
25.8
|
34.9
|
15.2
|
8.5
|
|
Note.
EL = Education level; EL 1 = No high school diploma; EL 2 = High school diploma/GED; EL 3 = Some college or
associate degree; EL 4 = Bachelor's degree; EL 5 = Graduate or professional degree. U.S. census figures are from the
2018 American Community Survey, and Canadian population data are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.
Table J.7b. Education Level × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Self-Report Gender Specific Normative Sample (Females)
|
Age (in years)
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
Total
|
|
EL 1
|
EL 2
|
EL 3
|
EL 4
|
EL 5
|
Subtotal
|
EL 1
|
EL 2
|
EL 3
|
EL 4
|
EL 5
|
Subtotal
|
|
18–24
|
8
|
15
|
22
|
5
|
0
|
50
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
55
|
|
25–29
|
2
|
13
|
15
|
16
|
4
|
50
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
55
|
|
30–39
|
8
|
23
|
32
|
27
|
10
|
100
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
2
|
2
|
10
|
110
|
|
40–49
|
7
|
24
|
30
|
23
|
16
|
100
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
3
|
1
|
10
|
110
|
|
50–59
|
7
|
29
|
31
|
22
|
11
|
100
|
2
|
3
|
3
|
2
|
0
|
10
|
110
|
|
60–69
|
8
|
30
|
31
|
20
|
11
|
100
|
0
|
2
|
4
|
3
|
1
|
10
|
110
|
|
70+
|
19
|
39
|
28
|
17
|
11
|
114
|
3
|
4
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
12
|
126
|
|
Total
|
59
|
173
|
189
|
130
|
63
|
614
|
7
|
17
|
18
|
13
|
7
|
62
|
676
|
|
Total (%)
|
9.6
|
28.2
|
30.8
|
21.2
|
10.3
|
100.0
|
11.3
|
27.4
|
29.0
|
21.0
|
11.3
|
100.0
|
|
|
Census (%)
|
10.4
|
27.3
|
29.3
|
21.0
|
11.9
|
|
14.5
|
25.9
|
33.4
|
18.1
|
8.1
|
|
Note.
EL = Education level; EL 1 = No high school diploma; EL 2 = High school diploma/GED; EL 3 = Some college or
associate degree; EL 4 = Bachelor's degree; EL 5 = Graduate or professional degree. U.S. census figures are from the
2018 American Community Survey, and Canadian population data are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.
Table J.8a. Education Level × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer Gender Specific Normative Sample (Males)
|
Age (in years)
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
Total
|
|
EL 1
|
EL 2
|
EL 3
|
EL 4
|
EL 5
|
Subtotal
|
EL 1
|
EL 2
|
EL 3
|
EL 4
|
EL 5
|
Subtotal
|
|
18–24
|
8
|
19
|
20
|
3
|
0
|
50
|
0
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
0
|
5
|
55
|
|
25–29
|
5
|
16
|
15
|
10
|
4
|
50
|
0
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
5
|
55
|
|
30–39
|
10
|
31
|
27
|
24
|
8
|
100
|
1
|
2
|
4
|
2
|
1
|
10
|
110
|
|
40–49
|
5
|
29
|
29
|
23
|
14
|
100
|
0
|
2
|
3
|
2
|
3
|
10
|
110
|
|
50–59
|
10
|
32
|
26
|
18
|
14
|
100
|
1
|
4
|
4
|
1
|
0
|
10
|
110
|
|
60–69
|
13
|
29
|
28
|
21
|
9
|
100
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
3
|
1
|
10
|
110
|
|
70+
|
12
|
25
|
19
|
17
|
13
|
86
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
8
|
94
|
|
Total
|
63
|
181
|
164
|
116
|
62
|
586
|
7
|
16
|
18
|
11
|
6
|
58
|
644
|
|
Total (%)
|
10.8
|
30.9
|
28.0
|
19.8
|
10.6
|
100.0
|
12.1
|
27.6
|
31.0
|
19.0
|
10.3
|
100.0
|
|
|
Census (%)
|
11.4
|
30.1
|
27.0
|
20.2
|
11.4
|
|
15.5
|
25.8
|
34.9
|
15.2
|
8.5
|
|
Note.
EL = Education level; EL 1 = No high school diploma; EL 2 = High school diploma/GED; EL 3 = Some college or
associate degree; EL 4 = Bachelor's degree; EL 5 = Graduate or professional degree. U.S. census figures are from the
2018 American Community Survey, and Canadian population data are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.
Table J.8b. Education Level × Country × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer Gender Specific Normative Sample (Females)
|
Age (in years)
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
Total
|
|
EL 1
|
EL 2
|
EL 3
|
EL 4
|
EL 5
|
Subtotal
|
EL 1
|
EL 2
|
EL 3
|
EL 4
|
EL 5
|
Subtotal
|
|
18–24
|
6
|
16
|
22
|
5
|
1
|
50
|
0
|
3
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
5
|
55
|
|
25–29
|
1
|
10
|
17
|
16
|
6
|
50
|
0
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
55
|
|
30–39
|
2
|
23
|
29
|
29
|
17
|
100
|
0
|
2
|
4
|
3
|
1
|
10
|
110
|
|
40–49
|
7
|
26
|
28
|
26
|
13
|
100
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
1
|
4
|
10
|
110
|
|
50–59
|
9
|
27
|
31
|
18
|
15
|
100
|
0
|
3
|
5
|
2
|
0
|
10
|
110
|
|
60–69
|
10
|
32
|
27
|
18
|
13
|
100
|
1
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
3
|
10
|
110
|
|
70+
|
21
|
38
|
23
|
18
|
14
|
114
|
2
|
4
|
4
|
2
|
0
|
12
|
126
|
|
Total
|
56
|
172
|
177
|
130
|
79
|
614
|
4
|
17
|
21
|
11
|
9
|
62
|
676
|
|
Total (%)
|
9.1
|
28.0
|
28.8
|
21.2
|
12.9
|
100.0
|
6.5
|
27.4
|
33.9
|
17.7
|
14.5
|
100.0
|
|
|
Census (%)
|
10.4
|
27.3
|
29.3
|
21.0
|
11.9
|
|
14.5
|
25.9
|
33.4
|
18.1
|
8.1
|
|
Note.
EL = Education level; EL 1 = No high school diploma; EL 2 = High school diploma/GED; EL 3 = Some college or
associate degree; EL 4 = Bachelor's degree; EL 5 = Graduate or professional degree. U.S. census figures are from the
2018 American Community Survey, and Canadian population data are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census
Table J.9. Gender × Age Group of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Gender Specific ADHD Reference Samples
|
Age (in years)
|
Self-Report
|
Observer
|
|
Females
|
Males
|
Females
|
Males
|
|
18–24
|
27
|
28
|
20
|
22
|
|
25–29
|
20
|
17
|
13
|
9
|
|
30–39
|
33
|
41
|
21
|
32
|
|
40–49
|
26
|
20
|
15
|
14
|
|
50–59
|
11
|
16
|
8
|
7
|
|
60+
|
7
|
7
|
4
|
3
|
|
Total
|
124
|
129
|
81
|
87
|
Table J.10. Demographic Characteristic of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Gender Specific ADHD Reference Samples
|
Demographic
|
Self-Report
|
Observer
|
|
Females
|
Males
|
Females
|
Males
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
1.9
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Black
|
4
|
3.7
|
1
|
0.9
|
3
|
4.2
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Hispanic
|
7
|
6.5
|
7
|
6.6
|
5
|
7.0
|
7
|
9.2
|
|
White
|
94
|
87.0
|
90
|
84.9
|
61
|
85.9
|
67
|
88.2
|
|
Other
|
3
|
2.8
|
6
|
5.7
|
2
|
2.8
|
2
|
2.6
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
12
|
75.0
|
20
|
87.0
|
7
|
70.0
|
8
|
72.7
|
|
Visible minority
|
4
|
25.0
|
3
|
13.0
|
3
|
30.0
|
3
|
27.3
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
25
|
23.1
|
21
|
19.8
|
17
|
23.9
|
20
|
26.3
|
|
Midwest
|
24
|
22.2
|
26
|
24.5
|
15
|
21.1
|
22
|
28.9
|
|
South
|
32
|
29.6
|
38
|
35.8
|
21
|
29.6
|
24
|
31.6
|
|
West
|
27
|
25.0
|
21
|
19.8
|
18
|
25.4
|
10
|
13.2
|
|
Canadian Region
|
East
|
1
|
8.3
|
3
|
13.6
|
1
|
10.0
|
2
|
18.2
|
|
Central
|
9
|
58.3
|
12
|
50.0
|
6
|
60.0
|
7
|
63.6
|
|
West
|
6
|
33.3
|
8
|
36.4
|
3
|
30.0
|
2
|
18.2
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school
diploma
|
1
|
0.8
|
1
|
0.8
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.1
|
|
High
school diploma/GED
|
13
|
10.5
|
21
|
16.3
|
7
|
8.6
|
13
|
14.9
|
|
Some college or associate
degree
|
44
|
35.5
|
53
|
41.1
|
35
|
43.2
|
38
|
43.7
|
|
Bachelor's degree
|
37
|
29.8
|
30
|
23.3
|
19
|
23.5
|
17
|
19.5
|
|
Graduate or professional
degree
|
29
|
23.4
|
24
|
18.6
|
20
|
24.7
|
18
|
20.7
|
|
ADHD Presentation
|
Inattentive
|
57
|
46.0
|
57
|
44.2
|
34
|
42.0
|
31
|
35.6
|
|
Hyperactive/Impulsive
|
5
|
4.0
|
5
|
3.9
|
4
|
4.9
|
5
|
5.7
|
|
Combined
|
62
|
50.0
|
67
|
51.9
|
43
|
53.1
|
51
|
58.6
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
36.1 (12.4)
|
36.2 (13.1)
|
35.2 (12.6)
|
34.4 (12.4)
|
|
Total
|
124
|
100.0
|
129
|
100.0
|
81
|
100.0
|
87
|
100.0
|
Note.
EL = Education level; EL 1 = No high school diploma; EL 2 = High school diploma/GED; EL 3 = Some college or
associate degree; EL 4 = Bachelor's degree; EL 5 = Graduate or professional degree.
Demographic Characteristics of the Normative Sample Observers
Table J.11 contains key demographic characteristics of the Normative Sample observers
(i.e., people completing the
CAARS 2 about someone else that they know well). Note that these demographic variables were not used to stratify the
Normative Sample, but they are being provided to thoroughly describe the individuals who provided ratings of the
Normative Samples for interested readers. The observers ranged from 18 to 89 years old (M = 43.8 years;
SD = 15.8
years), and the majority were female (69.9%), and White (68% in the U.S.) or Not a visible minority (79.4% in
Canada). Observers came from across the U.S. and Canada and reported a wide range of education levels.
In examining the Combined Gender Normative Sample, the nature of the relationship between observers and the
individuals being rated varied (with spouses being the most common at 27.7%, followed by friends at 26.4%). The vast
majority of observers had known the person being rated for more than 3 years (93.0%), knew them very well (93.9%),
and had daily interactions with the rated individual (62.7%).
Table J.11. Demographic Characteristics of Observers: CAARS 2 Observer Normative Samples
|
Demographic
|
Combined Gender
|
Females
|
Males
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
843
|
63.9
|
426
|
63.1
|
417
|
64.8
|
|
Male
|
476
|
36.1
|
249
|
36.9
|
227
|
35.2
|
|
Other
|
1
|
0.1
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
48
|
4.0
|
24
|
3.9
|
24
|
4.1
|
|
Black
|
140
|
11.7
|
71
|
11.6
|
69
|
11.8
|
|
Hispanic
|
167
|
14.0
|
87
|
14.3
|
80
|
13.7
|
|
White
|
812
|
68.0
|
407
|
66.7
|
405
|
69.3
|
|
Other
|
27
|
2.3
|
21
|
3.4
|
6
|
1.0
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
100
|
79.4
|
49
|
74.2
|
51
|
85.0
|
|
Visible minority
|
26
|
20.6
|
17
|
25.8
|
9
|
15.0
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
42
|
3.2
|
22
|
3.3
|
20
|
3.1
|
|
High
school diploma/GED
|
313
|
23.7
|
156
|
23.1
|
156
|
24.2
|
|
Some college or associate
degree
|
509
|
38.6
|
274
|
40.5
|
235
|
36.5
|
|
Bachelor’s degree
|
318
|
24.1
|
159
|
23.5
|
160
|
24.8
|
|
Graduate or professional
degree
|
138
|
10.5
|
65
|
9.6
|
73
|
11.3
|
|
Relation to individual being
rated
|
Spouse
|
365
|
27.7
|
136
|
20.1
|
227
|
35.2
|
|
Parent
|
121
|
9.2
|
55
|
8.1
|
67
|
10.4
|
|
Child
|
218
|
16.5
|
145
|
21.4
|
73
|
11.3
|
|
Sibling
|
147
|
11.1
|
84
|
12.4
|
62
|
9.6
|
|
Other Relative
|
115
|
8.7
|
57
|
8.4
|
58
|
9.0
|
|
Friend
|
349
|
26.4
|
195
|
28.8
|
156
|
24.2
|
|
Co-worker
|
2
|
0.2
|
2
|
0.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Other
|
3
|
0.2
|
2
|
0.3
|
1
|
0.2
|
|
Length
of relationship
|
1–5 months
|
9
|
0.7
|
6
|
0.9
|
4
|
0.6
|
|
6–11 months
|
10
|
0.8
|
5
|
0.7
|
4
|
0.6
|
|
1–3 years
|
73
|
5.5
|
34
|
5.0
|
39
|
6.1
|
|
More than 3 years
|
1,228
|
93.0
|
631
|
93.3
|
597
|
92.7
|
|
How well does the observer know
the individual being rated?
|
Very well
|
1,239
|
93.9
|
637
|
94.2
|
603
|
93.6
|
|
Moderately well
|
81
|
6.1
|
39
|
5.8
|
41
|
6.4
|
|
How often does the observer
interact with the individual being rated?
|
Daily
|
827
|
62.7
|
427
|
63.2
|
398
|
61.8
|
|
Weekly
|
396
|
30.0
|
202
|
29.9
|
195
|
30.3
|
|
Monthly
|
97
|
7.3
|
47
|
7.0
|
51
|
7.9
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
44.3 (15.6)
|
43.3 (15.7)
|
44.5 (15.7)
|
| Total
|
1,320
|
100.0
|
676
|
100.0
|
644
|
100.0
|
Note.
EL = Education level; EL 1 = No high school diploma; EL 2 = High school diploma/GED; EL 3 = Some college or
associate degree; EL 4 = Bachelor's degree; EL 5 = Graduate or professional degree.
Demographic Characteristics of the ADHD Sample Observers
Table J.12 contains key demographic characteristics of the ADHD Sample observers (i.e.,
people completing the CAARS 2 about someone else).
Data from 170 observers were included in the Combined Gender ADHD Reference Sample; each observer typically
completed only one rating scale about one individual. Key demographic characteristics of the ADHD Reference Sample
Observers are provided in Table J.12. The majority (71.8%) of the Observer reports in the
ADHD Reference Sample also
had matching Self-Report data (see
Inter-Rater
Reliability in chapter 8, Reliability,
for information on consistency
between Self-Report and Observer ratings on the CAARS 2).
The majority of the observers were female (63.5%), and White (85.7% in the U.S.) or not a visible minority (82.6% in
Canada). Observers came from across the U.S. and Canada and reported a range of education levels. The nature of the
relationship between the observers and the individuals being rated varied, with spouses being the most common
(55.3%), followed by friends (15.3%). The vast majority of observers had known the person being rated for more than
3 years (87.1%), knew them very well (94.7%), and had daily interactions with the rated individual (81.8%).
Table J.12. Demographic Characteristics of Observers: CAARS 2 Observer ADHD Reference Samples
|
Demographic
|
Combined Gender
|
Females
|
Males
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
108
|
63.5
|
34
|
42.0
|
73
|
83.9
|
|
Male
|
61
|
35.9
|
47
|
58.0
|
13
|
14.9
|
|
Other
|
1
|
0.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.1
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
1
|
0.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.3
|
|
Black
|
3
|
2.0
|
2
|
2.9
|
1
|
1.3
|
|
Hispanic
|
15
|
10.2
|
8
|
11.4
|
7
|
9.2
|
|
White
|
126
|
85.7
|
60
|
85.7
|
66
|
86.8
|
|
Other
|
2
|
1.4
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.3
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
19
|
82.6
|
8
|
36.4
|
10
|
45.5
|
|
Visible minority
|
4
|
17.4
|
3
|
13.6
|
1
|
4.5
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
2
|
1.2
|
1
|
1.2
|
1
|
1.1
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
21
|
12.4
|
11
|
13.6
|
8
|
9.2
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
50
|
29.4
|
19
|
23.5
|
31
|
35.6
|
|
Bachelor's degree
|
55
|
32.4
|
33
|
40.7
|
22
|
25.3
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
42
|
24.7
|
17
|
21.0
|
25
|
28.7
|
|
Relation to individual being rated
|
Spouse
|
94
|
55.3
|
44
|
54.3
|
49
|
56.3
|
|
Parent
|
21
|
12.4
|
9
|
11.1
|
12
|
13.8
|
|
Child
|
10
|
5.9
|
4
|
4.9
|
6
|
6.9
|
|
Sibling
|
13
|
7.6
|
7
|
8.6
|
5
|
5.7
|
|
Other Relative
|
2
|
1.2
|
1
|
1.2
|
1
|
1.1
|
|
Friend
|
26
|
15.3
|
15
|
18.5
|
11
|
12.6
|
|
Co-worker
|
2
|
1.2
|
1
|
1.2
|
1
|
1.1
|
|
Other
|
2
|
1.2
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
2.3
|
|
Length of relationship
|
1–5 months
|
1
|
0.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.1
|
|
6–11 months
|
2
|
1.2
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.1
|
|
1–3 years
|
19
|
11.2
|
9
|
11.1
|
10
|
11.5
|
|
More than 3 years
|
148
|
87.1
|
72
|
88.9
|
75
|
86.2
|
|
How well does the Observer know the individual being rated?
|
Very well
|
161
|
94.7
|
75
|
92.6
|
84
|
96.6
|
|
Moderately well
|
9
|
5.3
|
6
|
7.4
|
3
|
3.4
|
|
How often does the Observer interact with the individual being rated?
|
Daily
|
139
|
81.8
|
66
|
81.5
|
71
|
81.6
|
|
Weekly
|
28
|
16.5
|
13
|
16.0
|
15
|
17.2
|
|
Monthly
|
3
|
1.8
|
2
|
2.5
|
1
|
1.1
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
36.9 (13.5)
|
38.1 (13.0)
|
36.3 (13.9)
|
|
Total
|
170
|
100.0
|
81
|
100.0
|
87
|
100.0
|
Note.
EL = Education level; EL 1 = No high school diploma; EL 2 = High school diploma/GED; EL 3 = Some college or
associate degree; EL 4 = Bachelor's degree; EL 5 = Graduate or professional degree.
Reliability
Table J.13. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 Test-Retest Samples
|
Demographic
|
Rated Individual
|
Rater
|
|
Self-Report
|
Observer
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
| Gender
|
Female
|
40
|
45.5
|
26
|
42.6
|
33
|
54.1
|
|
Male
|
48
|
54.5
|
35
|
57.4
|
28
|
45.9
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
6
|
6.8
|
3
|
4.9
|
2
|
3.3
|
|
Black
|
10
|
11.4
|
5
|
8.2
|
4
|
6.6
|
|
Hispanic
|
10
|
11.4
|
5
|
8.2
|
1
|
1.6
|
|
White
|
58
|
65.9
|
47
|
77.0
|
54
|
88.5
|
|
Other
|
1
|
1.1
|
1
|
1.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
3
|
3.4
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Visible minority
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
16
|
18.2
|
12
|
19.7
|
12
|
19.7
|
|
Midwest
|
21
|
23.9
|
15
|
24.6
|
14
|
23.0
|
|
South
|
38
|
43.2
|
25
|
41.0
|
25
|
41.0
|
|
West
|
10
|
11.4
|
9
|
14.8
|
10
|
16.4
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
1
|
1.1
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
East
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
West
|
2
|
2.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
6
|
6.8
|
2
|
3.3
|
2
|
3.3
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
25
|
28.4
|
19
|
31.1
|
16
|
26.2
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
28
|
31.8
|
26
|
42.6
|
25
|
41.0
|
|
Bachelor's degree
|
17
|
19.3
|
12
|
19.7
|
16
|
26.2
|
|
Graduate or professional
degree
|
12
|
13.6
|
2
|
3.3
|
2
|
3.3
|
|
Relation to individual being rated
|
Spouse
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
28
|
45.9
|
|
Friend
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
22
|
36.1
|
|
Other Family Member
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
11
|
18.0
|
|
Length of relationship
|
1–5 months
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
1
|
1.6
|
|
6–11 months
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
1–3 years
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
4
|
6.6
|
|
More than 3 years
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
56
|
91.8
|
|
How well does the rater know the
individual being rated?
|
Moderately well
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
2
|
3.3
|
|
Very well
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
59
|
96.7
|
|
How often does the rater interact with
the individual being rated?
|
Monthly
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
3
|
4.9
|
|
Weekly
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
14
|
23.0
|
|
Daily
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
44
|
72.1
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
45.1 (13.3)
|
45.8 (14.7)
|
45.8 (14.7)
|
|
Days between administrations M (SD)
|
18.7 (6.3)
|
20.9 (6.6)
|
20.9 (6.6)
|
|
Total
|
88
|
100.0
|
61
|
100.0
|
61
|
100.0
|
Table J.14. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 Inter-Rater Reliability Study 1 (Same Rater Type)
|
Demographic
|
Rated Individual
|
Rater 1
|
Rater 2
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
13
|
44.8
|
15
|
51.7
|
17
|
58.6
|
|
Male
|
16
|
55.2
|
14
|
48.3
|
10
|
34.5
|
|
Other
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
6.9
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Black
|
1
|
3.4
|
1
|
3.4
|
1
|
3.4
|
|
Hispanic
|
2
|
6.9
|
2
|
6.9
|
2
|
6.9
|
|
White
|
25
|
86.2
|
25
|
86.2
|
25
|
86.2
|
|
Other
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
1
|
3.4
|
1
|
3.4
|
1
|
3.4
|
|
Visible minority
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
5
|
17.2
|
5
|
17.2
|
4
|
13.8
|
|
Midwest
|
11
|
37.9
|
10
|
34.5
|
12
|
41.4
|
|
South
|
11
|
37.9
|
12
|
41.4
|
12
|
41.4
|
|
West
|
1
|
3.4
|
1
|
3.4
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
1
|
3.4
|
1
|
3.4
|
1
|
3.4
|
|
East
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
West
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
5
|
17.2
|
3
|
10.3
|
8
|
27.6
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
15
|
51.7
|
12
|
41.4
|
7
|
24.1
|
|
Bachelor's degree
|
4
|
13.8
|
7
|
24.1
|
12
|
41.4
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
5
|
17.2
|
7
|
24.1
|
2
|
6.9
|
|
Diagnosis
|
ADHD Inattentive
|
7
|
24.1
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
ADHD Combined
|
5
|
17.2
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive
|
0
|
0.0
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
Anxiety
|
15
|
51.7
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
Depression
|
16
|
55.2
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
Other Diagnosis
|
12
|
41.4
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
No Diagnosis
|
0
|
0.0
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
Relation to individual being
rated
|
Spouse
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Friend
|
--
|
--
|
6
|
20.7
|
6
|
20.7
|
|
Other Family Member
|
--
|
--
|
23
|
79.3
|
23
|
79.3
|
|
Other (Non-Family Member)
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Length of relationship
|
1–5 months
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
6–11 months
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
1–3 years
|
--
|
--
|
2
|
6.9
|
1
|
3.4
|
|
More than 3 years
|
--
|
--
|
27
|
93.1
|
28
|
96.6
|
|
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?
|
Moderately well
|
--
|
--
|
2
|
6.9
|
2
|
6.9
|
|
Very well
|
--
|
--
|
27
|
93.1
|
27
|
93.1
|
|
How often does the rater interact with
the individual being rated?
|
Monthly
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
3.4
|
|
Weekly
|
--
|
--
|
8
|
27.6
|
14
|
48.3
|
|
Daily
|
--
|
--
|
21
|
72.4
|
14
|
48.3
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
32.6 (15.1)
|
40.4 (14.0)
|
37.8 (15.6)
|
|
Days between administrations M (SD)
|
3.8 (4.5)
|
|
Total
|
29
|
100.0
|
29
|
100.0
|
29
|
100.0
|
Note.
Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes
Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include
less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and
Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring
diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.
Table J.15. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 Inter-Rater Reliability Study 2 (Different Rater Types)
|
Demographic
|
Self-Report/Observer
|
Observer/Observer
|
|
Rated Individual
|
Rater
|
Rated Individual
|
Rater 1
|
Rater 2
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
122
|
57.8
|
127
|
60.2
|
29
|
61.7
|
27
|
57.4
|
31
|
66.0
|
|
Male
|
88
|
41.7
|
83
|
39.3
|
18
|
38.3
|
20
|
42.6
|
16
|
34.0
|
|
Other
|
1
|
0.5
|
1
|
0.5
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
0.5
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Black
|
9
|
4.3
|
9
|
4.3
|
5
|
10.6
|
4
|
8.5
|
5
|
10.6
|
|
Hispanic
|
7
|
3.3
|
12
|
5.7
|
3
|
6.4
|
2
|
4.3
|
5
|
10.6
|
|
White
|
167
|
79.1
|
158
|
74.9
|
38
|
80.9
|
40
|
85.1
|
36
|
76.6
|
|
Other
|
2
|
0.9
|
4
|
1.9
|
1
|
2.1
|
1
|
2.1
|
1
|
2.1
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
16
|
7.6
|
19
|
9.0
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
2.1
|
|
Visible minority
|
10
|
4.7
|
8
|
3.8
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
40
|
19.0
|
40
|
19.0
|
10
|
21.3
|
9
|
19.1
|
10
|
21.3
|
|
Midwest
|
57
|
27.0
|
57
|
27.0
|
11
|
23.4
|
12
|
25.5
|
10
|
21.3
|
|
South
|
64
|
30.3
|
64
|
30.3
|
24
|
51.1
|
24
|
51.1
|
22
|
46.8
|
|
West
|
24
|
11.4
|
24
|
11.4
|
2
|
4.3
|
2
|
4.3
|
4
|
8.5
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
22
|
10.4
|
22
|
10.4
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
2.1
|
|
East
|
4
|
1.9
|
4
|
1.9
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
West
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
3
|
1.4
|
2
|
0.9
|
1
|
2.1
|
4
|
8.5
|
1
|
2.1
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
37
|
17.5
|
32
|
15.2
|
3
|
6.4
|
5
|
10.6
|
4
|
8.5
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
74
|
35.1
|
59
|
28.0
|
17
|
36.2
|
10
|
21.3
|
18
|
38.3
|
|
Bachelor's degree
|
49
|
23.2
|
66
|
31.3
|
16
|
34.0
|
15
|
31.9
|
14
|
29.8
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
48
|
22.7
|
52
|
24.6
|
10
|
21.3
|
13
|
27.7
|
10
|
21.3
|
|
Diagnosis
|
ADHD Inattentive
|
50
|
23.7
|
--
|
--
|
6
|
12.8
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
ADHD Combined
|
64
|
30.3
|
--
|
--
|
15
|
31.9
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive
|
8
|
3.8
|
--
|
--
|
1
|
2.1
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
Anxiety
|
98
|
46.4
|
--
|
--
|
28
|
59.6
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
Depression
|
83
|
39.3
|
--
|
--
|
27
|
57.4
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
Other Diagnosis
|
54
|
25.6
|
--
|
--
|
19
|
40.4
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
No Diagnosis
|
0
|
0.0
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
|
Relation to individual being rated
|
Spouse
|
--
|
--
|
103
|
48.8
|
--
|
--
|
16
|
34.0
|
25
|
53.2
|
|
Friend
|
--
|
--
|
36
|
17.1
|
--
|
--
|
11
|
23.4
|
7
|
14.9
|
|
Other Family Member
|
--
|
--
|
69
|
32.7
|
--
|
--
|
19
|
40.4
|
14
|
29.8
|
|
Other
|
--
|
--
|
3
|
1.4
|
--
|
--
|
1
|
2.1
|
1
|
2.1
|
|
Length of relationship
|
6–11 months
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
--
|
--
|
2
|
4.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
1–3 years
|
--
|
--
|
18
|
8.5
|
--
|
--
|
8
|
17.0
|
7
|
14.9
|
|
More than 3 years
|
--
|
--
|
193
|
91.5
|
--
|
--
|
37
|
78.7
|
40
|
85.1
|
|
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?
|
Moderately well
|
--
|
--
|
9
|
4.3
|
--
|
--
|
4
|
8.5
|
2
|
4.3
|
|
Very well
|
--
|
--
|
202
|
95.7
|
--
|
--
|
43
|
91.5
|
45
|
95.7
|
|
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?
|
Monthly
|
--
|
--
|
5
|
2.4
|
--
|
--
|
1
|
2.1
|
2
|
4.3
|
|
Weekly
|
--
|
--
|
41
|
19.4
|
--
|
--
|
10
|
21.3
|
3
|
6.4
|
|
Daily
|
--
|
--
|
165
|
78.2
|
--
|
--
|
36
|
76.6
|
42
|
89.4
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
35.0 (12.7)
|
38.5 (13.3)
|
35.9 (13.2)
|
43.6 (16.6)
|
37.9 (14.8)
|
|
Days between administrations M (SD)
|
7.6 (11.0)
|
7.2 (7.7)
|
|
Total
|
211
|
47
|
Note.
Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes
Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include
less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and
Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring
diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.
Validity
Table J.16. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 and CAARS Validity Study
|
Demographic
|
Self-Report
|
Observer: Rated Individual
|
Observer: Rater
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
67
|
65.0
|
39
|
61.9
|
41
|
65.1
|
|
Male
|
36
|
35.0
|
24
|
38.1
|
22
|
34.9
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Black
|
2
|
1.9
|
2
|
3.2
|
1
|
1.6
|
|
Hispanic
|
3
|
2.9
|
2
|
3.2
|
4
|
6.3
|
|
White
|
74
|
71.8
|
45
|
71.4
|
45
|
71.4
|
|
Other
|
3
|
2.9
|
1
|
1.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
18
|
17.5
|
11
|
17.5
|
11
|
17.5
|
|
Visible minority
|
3
|
2.9
|
2
|
3.2
|
2
|
3.2
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
15
|
14.6
|
9
|
14.3
|
9
|
14.3
|
|
Midwest
|
16
|
15.5
|
11
|
17.5
|
12
|
19.0
|
|
South
|
23
|
22.3
|
13
|
20.6
|
13
|
20.6
|
|
West
|
28
|
27.2
|
17
|
27.0
|
16
|
25.4
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
14
|
13.6
|
8
|
12.7
|
10
|
15.9
|
|
East
|
2
|
1.9
|
3
|
4.8
|
3
|
4.8
|
|
West
|
5
|
4.9
|
2
|
3.2
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
1
|
1.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.6
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
10
|
9.7
|
6
|
9.5
|
7
|
11.1
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
43
|
41.7
|
28
|
44.4
|
15
|
23.8
|
|
Bachelor's degree
|
25
|
24.3
|
15
|
23.8
|
23
|
36.5
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
24
|
23.3
|
14
|
22.2
|
17
|
27.0
|
|
Diagnosis
|
ADHD Inattentive
|
42
|
40.8
|
27
|
42.9
|
--
|
--
|
|
ADHD Combined
|
59
|
57.3
|
35
|
55.6
|
--
|
--
|
|
ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive
|
2
|
1.9
|
1
|
1.6
|
--
|
--
|
|
Anxiety
|
27
|
26.2
|
13
|
20.6
|
--
|
--
|
|
Depression
|
34
|
33.0
|
14
|
22.2
|
--
|
--
|
|
Other Diagnosis
|
12
|
11.7
|
9
|
14.3
|
--
|
--
|
|
No Diagnosis
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
--
|
--
|
|
Relation to individual being rated
|
Spouse
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
42
|
66.7
|
|
Friend
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
13
|
20.6
|
|
Other Family Member
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
7
|
11.1
|
|
Other
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
1
|
1.6
|
|
Length of relationship
|
1-3 years
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
6
|
9.5
|
|
More than 3 years
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
57
|
90.5
|
|
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?
|
Moderately Well
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
2
|
3.2
|
|
Very Well
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
61
|
96.8
|
|
How often does the rater interact with the individual being rated?
|
Monthly
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
2
|
3.2
|
|
Weekly
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
9
|
14.3
|
|
Daily
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
52
|
82.5
|
|
Days between administrations M (SD)
|
1.4 (3.7)
|
1.0 (4.1)
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
38.6 (12.7)
|
38.3 (11.6)
|
39.3 (13.1)
|
|
Total
|
103
|
63
|
Note.
Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes
Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include
less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and
Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring
diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group
Table J.17. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 and CEFI Adult Validity Study
|
Demographic
|
Self-Report
|
Observer: Rated Individual
|
Observer: Rater
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
69
|
64.5
|
34
|
60.7
|
37
|
66.1
|
|
Male
|
38
|
35.5
|
22
|
39.3
|
19
|
33.9
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
1
|
0.9
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Black
|
2
|
1.9
|
2
|
3.6
|
1
|
1.8
|
|
Hispanic
|
5
|
4.7
|
2
|
3.6
|
3
|
5.4
|
|
White
|
75
|
70.1
|
41
|
73.2
|
42
|
75.0
|
|
Other
|
3
|
2.8
|
1
|
1.8
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
18
|
16.8
|
8
|
14.3
|
8
|
14.3
|
|
Visible minority
|
3
|
2.8
|
2
|
3.6
|
2
|
3.6
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
14
|
13.1
|
9
|
16.1
|
1
|
1.8
|
|
Midwest
|
19
|
17.8
|
10
|
17.9
|
7
|
12.5
|
|
South
|
24
|
22.4
|
12
|
21.4
|
12
|
21.4
|
|
West
|
29
|
27.1
|
15
|
26.8
|
20
|
35.7
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
14
|
13.1
|
7
|
12.5
|
16
|
28.6
|
|
East
|
2
|
1.9
|
2
|
3.6
|
9
|
16.1
|
|
West
|
5
|
4.7
|
1
|
1.8
|
12
|
21.4
|
| Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
1
|
0.9
|
0
|
0.0
|
11
|
19.6
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
10
|
9.3
|
6
|
10.7
|
14
|
25.0
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
44
|
41.1
|
25
|
44.6
|
8
|
14.3
|
|
Bachelor's degree
|
26
|
24.3
|
11
|
19.6
|
2
|
3.6
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
26
|
24.3
|
14
|
25.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Diagnosis
|
ADHD Inattentive
|
40
|
37.4
|
27
|
48.2
|
--
|
--
|
|
ADHD Combined
|
64
|
59.8
|
28
|
50.0
|
--
|
--
|
|
ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive
|
3
|
2.8
|
1
|
1.8
|
--
|
--
|
|
Anxiety
|
31
|
29.0
|
11
|
19.6
|
--
|
--
|
|
Depression
|
35
|
32.7
|
13
|
23.2
|
--
|
--
|
|
Other Diagnosis
|
13
|
12.1
|
8
|
14.3
|
--
|
--
|
|
No Diagnosis
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
--
|
--
|
|
Relation to individual being rated
|
Spouse
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
37
|
66.1
|
|
Friend
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
11
|
19.6
|
|
Other Family Member
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
7
|
12.5
|
|
Other
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
1
|
1.8
|
|
Length of relationship
|
1-3 years
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
6
|
10.7
|
|
More than 3 years
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
50
|
89.3
|
|
How well does the Rater know the individual being
rated?
|
Moderately Well
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
2
|
3.6
|
|
Very Well
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
54
|
96.4
|
|
How often does the Rater interact with the individual
being rated?
|
Monthly
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
2
|
3.6
|
|
Weekly
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
7
|
12.5
|
|
Daily
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
47
|
83.9
|
|
Days between administrations M (SD)
|
1.3 (3.1)
|
0.7 (1.8)
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
38.1 (12.3)
|
38.8 (11.8)
|
40.1 (12.7)
|
|
Total
|
107
|
56
|
Note.
Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes
Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include
less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and
Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring
diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.
Table J.18. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 Self-Report General Population and ADHD Samples
|
Demographic
|
General Population
|
ADHD Inattentive
|
ADHD Combined
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
94
|
47.7
|
46
|
47.9
|
48
|
47.5
|
|
Male
|
103
|
52.3
|
50
|
52.1
|
53
|
52.5
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
2
|
1.0
|
1
|
1.0
|
1
|
1.0
|
|
Black
|
5
|
2.5
|
1
|
1.0
|
4
|
4.0
|
|
Hispanic
|
11
|
5.6
|
5
|
5.2
|
6
|
5.9
|
|
White
|
156
|
79.2
|
81
|
84.4
|
75
|
74.3
|
|
Other
|
3
|
1.5
|
2
|
2.1
|
1
|
1.0
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
17
|
8.6
|
6
|
6.3
|
11
|
10.9
|
|
Visible minority
|
3
|
1.5
|
0
|
0.0
|
3
|
3.0
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
34
|
17.3
|
27
|
28.1
|
11
|
10.9
|
|
Midwest
|
34
|
17.3
|
20
|
20.8
|
24
|
23.8
|
|
South
|
72
|
36.5
|
28
|
29.2
|
31
|
30.7
|
|
West
|
37
|
18.8
|
15
|
15.6
|
21
|
20.8
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
11
|
5.6
|
4
|
4.2
|
7
|
6.9
|
|
East
|
2
|
1.0
|
1
|
1.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
West
|
7
|
3.6
|
1
|
1.0
|
7
|
6.9
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
2
|
1.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
2.0
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
23
|
11.7
|
12
|
12.5
|
11
|
10.9
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
81
|
41.1
|
36
|
37.5
|
45
|
44.6
|
|
Bachelor’s degree
|
53
|
26.9
|
28
|
29.2
|
25
|
24.8
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
38
|
19.3
|
20
|
20.8
|
18
|
17.8
|
|
Co-occurring Diagnoses
|
Anxiety
|
0
|
0.0
|
19
|
19.8
|
28
|
27.7
|
|
Depression
|
0
|
0.0
|
27
|
28.1
|
28
|
27.7
|
|
Other Diagnosis
|
0
|
0.0
|
20
|
20.8
|
27
|
26.7
|
|
No co-occurring diagnoses
|
0
|
0.0
|
54
|
56.3
|
46
|
45.5
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
37.6 (13.6)
|
38.5 (13.8)
|
36.6 (12.6)
|
|
Total
|
197
|
96
|
101
|
Note.
Depression includes Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Anxiety
includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Separation Anxiety, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Other
Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with
co-occurring diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.
Table J.19. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer General Population and ADHD Samples
|
Demographic
|
General Population
|
ADHD Inattentive
|
ADHD Combined
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
69
|
49.6
|
34
|
54.0
|
35
|
46.1
|
|
Male
|
70
|
50.4
|
29
|
46.0
|
41
|
53.9
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Black
|
3
|
2.2
|
2
|
3.2
|
1
|
1.3
|
|
Hispanic
|
9
|
6.5
|
3
|
4.8
|
6
|
7.9
|
|
White
|
110
|
79.1
|
52
|
82.5
|
58
|
76.3
|
|
Other
|
4
|
2.9
|
3
|
4.8
|
1
|
1.3
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
13
|
9.4
|
3
|
4.8
|
10
|
13.2
|
|
Visible minority
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
22
|
15.8
|
19
|
30.2
|
14
|
18.4
|
|
Midwest
|
28
|
20.1
|
14
|
22.2
|
22
|
28.9
|
|
South
|
49
|
35.3
|
18
|
28.6
|
18
|
23.7
|
|
West
|
27
|
19.4
|
9
|
14.3
|
12
|
15.8
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
8
|
5.8
|
2
|
3.2
|
7
|
9.2
|
|
East
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
West
|
5
|
3.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
3
|
3.9
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
1
|
0.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.3
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
18
|
12.9
|
11
|
17.5
|
7
|
9.2
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
58
|
41.7
|
26
|
41.3
|
32
|
42.1
|
|
Bachelor’s degree
|
32
|
23.0
|
9
|
14.3
|
23
|
30.3
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
30
|
21.6
|
17
|
27.0
|
13
|
17.1
|
|
Co-occurring Diagnoses
|
Anxiety
|
0
|
0.0
|
16
|
25.4
|
23
|
30.3
|
|
Depression
|
0
|
0.0
|
25
|
39.7
|
18
|
23.7
|
|
Other Diagnosis
|
0
|
0.0
|
14
|
22.2
|
29
|
38.2
|
|
No co-occurring diagnoses
|
0
|
0.0
|
29
|
46.0
|
37
|
48.7
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
35.9 (13.3)
|
35.6 (14.3)
|
36.3 (11.7)
|
|
Total
|
139
|
63
|
76
|
Note.
Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes
Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include
less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and
Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring
diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.
Table J.20. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: CAARS 2 Observer General Population and ADHD Samples
|
Demographic
|
General Population
|
ADHD Inattentive
|
ADHD Combined
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
92
|
66.2
|
36
|
57.1
|
48
|
63.2
|
|
Male
|
47
|
33.8
|
27
|
42.9
|
27
|
35.5
|
|
Other
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.3
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
2
|
1.4
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.3
|
|
Black
|
5
|
3.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
2.6
|
|
Hispanic
|
8
|
5.8
|
4
|
6.3
|
8
|
10.5
|
|
White
|
106
|
76.3
|
56
|
88.9
|
53
|
69.7
|
|
Other
|
4
|
2.9
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.3
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
13
|
9.4
|
3
|
4.8
|
11
|
14.5
|
|
Visible minority
|
1
|
0.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
4
|
2.9
|
1
|
1.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
21
|
15.1
|
10
|
15.9
|
8
|
10.5
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
60
|
43.2
|
16
|
25.4
|
23
|
30.3
|
|
Bachelor’s degree
|
40
|
28.8
|
18
|
28.6
|
29
|
38.2
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
14
|
10.1
|
18
|
28.6
|
16
|
21.1
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
18
|
12.9
|
17
|
27.0
|
13
|
17.1
|
|
Midwest
|
26
|
18.7
|
16
|
25.4
|
23
|
30.3
|
|
South
|
56
|
40.3
|
18
|
28.6
|
18
|
23.7
|
|
West
|
25
|
18.0
|
9
|
14.3
|
11
|
14.5
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
8
|
5.8
|
2
|
3.2
|
9
|
11.8
|
|
East
|
1
|
0.7
|
1
|
1.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
West
|
5
|
3.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
2.6
|
|
Relation to individual being rated
|
Spouse
|
31
|
22.3
|
32
|
50.8
|
49
|
64.5
|
|
Friend
|
34
|
24.5
|
10
|
15.9
|
8
|
10.5
|
|
Other Family Member
|
73
|
52.5
|
18
|
28.6
|
17
|
22.4
|
|
Other
|
1
|
0.7
|
3
|
4.8
|
2
|
2.6
|
|
Length of relationship
|
1–5 months
|
2
|
1.4
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.3
|
|
6–11 months
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.3
|
|
1–3 years
|
9
|
6.5
|
8
|
12.7
|
9
|
11.8
|
|
More than 3 years
|
128
|
92.1
|
55
|
87.3
|
65
|
85.5
|
|
How well does the rater know the individual being
rated?
|
Moderately well
|
9
|
6.5
|
3
|
4.8
|
3
|
3.9
|
|
Very well
|
130
|
93.5
|
60
|
95.2
|
73
|
96.1
|
|
How often does the rater interact with the
individual being rated?
|
Monthly
|
6
|
4.3
|
2
|
3.2
|
1
|
1.3
|
|
Weekly
|
48
|
34.5
|
13
|
20.6
|
7
|
9.2
|
|
Daily
|
85
|
61.2
|
48
|
76.2
|
68
|
89.5
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
40.2 (14.3)
|
39.0 (14.5)
|
36.3 (13.3)
|
|
Total
|
139
|
63
|
76
|
Table J.21. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 Self-Report ADHD, Depression/Anxiety, and General Population Samples
|
Demographic
|
ADHD
|
Depression/Anxiety
|
General Population
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
47
|
38.5
|
86
|
69.9
|
133
|
54.3
|
|
Male
|
75
|
61.5
|
36
|
29.3
|
111
|
45.3
|
|
Other
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
0.8
|
1
|
0.4
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
1
|
0.8
|
0
|
0.0
|
6
|
2.4
|
|
Black
|
3
|
2.5
|
6
|
4.9
|
9
|
3.7
|
|
Hispanic
|
9
|
7.4
|
8
|
6.5
|
16
|
6.5
|
|
White
|
87
|
71.3
|
92
|
74.8
|
182
|
74.3
|
|
Other
|
2
|
1.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
4
|
1.6
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
17
|
13.9
|
8
|
6.5
|
23
|
9.4
|
|
Visible minority
|
3
|
2.5
|
9
|
7.3
|
5
|
2.0
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
18
|
14.8
|
18
|
14.6
|
33
|
13.5
|
|
Midwest
|
29
|
23.8
|
37
|
30.1
|
43
|
17.6
|
|
South
|
27
|
22.1
|
41
|
33.3
|
83
|
33.9
|
|
West
|
28
|
23.0
|
10
|
8.1
|
58
|
23.7
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
9
|
7.4
|
15
|
12.2
|
18
|
7.3
|
|
East
|
2
|
1.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
3
|
1.2
|
|
West
|
9
|
7.4
|
2
|
1.6
|
7
|
2.9
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
1.6
|
2
|
0.8
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
16
|
13.1
|
20
|
16.3
|
36
|
14.7
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
48
|
39.3
|
47
|
38.2
|
95
|
38.8
|
|
Bachelor’s degree
|
34
|
27.9
|
31
|
25.2
|
65
|
26.5
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
24
|
19.7
|
23
|
18.7
|
47
|
19.2
|
|
Co-occurring Diagnoses
|
ADHD (All Presentations)
|
122
|
100.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Anxiety
|
0
|
0.0
|
82
|
66.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Depression
|
0
|
0.0
|
72
|
58.5
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Other Diagnosis
|
17
|
13.9
|
30
|
24.4
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
No co-occurring diagnoses
|
105
|
86.1
|
92
|
74.8
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
38.6 (12.8)
|
35.3 (13.0)
|
37.0 (13.6)
|
|
Total
|
122
|
123
|
245
|
Note.
Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes
Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include
less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and
Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring
diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.
Table J.22. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer ADHD, Depression/Anxiety, and General Population Samples
|
Demographic
|
ADHD
|
Depression/Anxiety
|
General Population
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
33
|
41.8
|
72
|
73.5
|
105
|
59.3
|
|
Male
|
46
|
58.2
|
26
|
26.5
|
72
|
40.7
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Black
|
2
|
2.5
|
8
|
8.2
|
10
|
5.6
|
|
Hispanic
|
7
|
8.9
|
6
|
6.1
|
13
|
7.3
|
|
White
|
61
|
77.2
|
77
|
78.6
|
138
|
78.0
|
|
Other
|
1
|
1.3
|
1
|
1.0
|
2
|
1.1
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
8
|
10.1
|
4
|
4.1
|
12
|
6.8
|
|
Visible minority
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
2.0
|
2
|
1.1
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
14
|
17.7
|
11
|
11.2
|
36
|
20.3
|
|
Midwest
|
21
|
26.6
|
33
|
33.7
|
31
|
17.5
|
|
South
|
21
|
26.6
|
41
|
41.8
|
63
|
35.6
|
|
West
|
15
|
19.0
|
7
|
7.1
|
33
|
18.6
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
5
|
6.3
|
6
|
6.1
|
7
|
4.0
|
|
East
|
1
|
1.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
1.1
|
|
West
|
2
|
2.5
|
0
|
0.0
|
5
|
2.8
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.0
|
1
|
0.6
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
10
|
12.7
|
14
|
14.3
|
24
|
13.6
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
34
|
43.0
|
31
|
31.6
|
65
|
36.7
|
|
Bachelor’s degree
|
18
|
22.8
|
31
|
31.6
|
49
|
27.7
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
17
|
21.5
|
21
|
21.4
|
38
|
21.5
|
|
Co-occurring Diagnoses
|
ADHD (All Presentations)
|
79
|
100.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Anxiety
|
0
|
0.0
|
74
|
75.5
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Depression
|
0
|
0.0
|
59
|
60.2
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Other Diagnosis
|
14
|
17.7
|
27
|
27.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
No co-occurring diagnoses
|
65
|
82.3
|
71
|
72.4
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
36.7 (12.3)
|
36.8 (13.2)
|
36.9 (13.1)
|
|
Total
|
79
|
98
|
177
|
Note.
Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes
Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include
less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and
Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring
diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.
Table J.23. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: CAARS 2 Observer ADHD, Depression/Anxiety, and General Population Samples
|
Demographic
|
ADHD
|
Depression/Anxiety
|
General Population
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
54
|
68.4
|
62
|
63.3
|
109
|
61.6
|
|
Male
|
24
|
30.4
|
35
|
35.7
|
68
|
38.4
|
|
Other
|
1
|
1.3
|
1
|
1.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
0.6
|
|
Black
|
2
|
2.5
|
8
|
8.2
|
13
|
7.3
|
|
Hispanic
|
9
|
11.4
|
5
|
5.1
|
15
|
8.5
|
|
White
|
60
|
75.9
|
76
|
77.6
|
130
|
73.4
|
|
Other
|
0
|
0.0
|
3
|
3.1
|
3
|
1.7
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
8
|
10.1
|
4
|
4.1
|
12
|
6.8
|
|
Visible minority
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
2.0
|
3
|
1.7
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
12
|
15.2
|
12
|
12.2
|
31
|
17.5
|
|
Midwest
|
24
|
30.4
|
32
|
32.7
|
28
|
15.8
|
|
South
|
21
|
26.6
|
39
|
39.8
|
72
|
40.7
|
|
West
|
14
|
17.7
|
9
|
9.2
|
31
|
17.5
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
6
|
7.6
|
6
|
6.1
|
7
|
4.0
|
|
East
|
1
|
1.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
3
|
1.7
|
|
West
|
1
|
1.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
5
|
2.8
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
1
|
1.3
|
1
|
1.0
|
4
|
2.3
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
7
|
8.9
|
16
|
16.3
|
30
|
16.9
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
17
|
21.5
|
30
|
30.6
|
74
|
41.8
|
|
Bachelor’s degree
|
23
|
29.1
|
30
|
30.6
|
50
|
28.2
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
31
|
39.2
|
21
|
21.4
|
19
|
10.7
|
|
Relation to individual being rated
|
Spouse
|
49
|
62.0
|
30
|
30.6
|
35
|
19.8
|
|
Friend
|
10
|
12.7
|
25
|
25.5
|
52
|
29.4
|
|
Other Family Member
|
18
|
22.8
|
41
|
41.8
|
90
|
50.8
|
|
Other
|
2
|
2.5
|
2
|
2.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Length of relationship
|
1–5 months
|
1
|
1.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
0.6
|
|
6–11 months
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
1–3 years
|
5
|
6.3
|
5
|
5.1
|
12
|
6.8
|
|
More than 3 years
|
73
|
92.4
|
93
|
94.9
|
164
|
92.7
|
|
How well does the rater know the individual being
rated?
|
Moderately well
|
1
|
1.3
|
5
|
5.1
|
14
|
7.9
|
|
Very well
|
78
|
98.7
|
93
|
94.9
|
163
|
92.1
|
|
How often does the rater interact with the individual
being rated?
|
Monthly
|
2
|
2.5
|
1
|
1.0
|
14
|
7.9
|
|
Weekly
|
13
|
16.5
|
26
|
26.5
|
63
|
35.6
|
|
Daily
|
64
|
81.0
|
71
|
72.4
|
100
|
56.5
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
40.6 (13.4)
|
40.2 (13.2)
|
39.5 (14.4)
|
|
Total
|
79
|
98
|
177
|
Table J.24. Demographic Characteristics: CAARS 2 Self-Report ADHD and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy
|
Demographic
|
General Population
|
ADHD Inattentive or Combined
|
General Population
|
ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive or Combined
|
General Population
|
ADHD All Presentations
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
67
|
43.2
|
67
|
43.2
|
39
|
41.5
|
39
|
41.5
|
69
|
43.1
|
69
|
43.1
|
|
Male
|
88
|
56.8
|
88
|
56.8
|
55
|
58.5
|
55
|
58.5
|
91
|
56.9
|
91
|
56.9
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
2
|
1.3
|
2
|
1.3
|
1
|
1.1
|
1
|
1.1
|
2
|
1.2
|
2
|
1.2
|
|
Black
|
5
|
3.2
|
5
|
3.2
|
4
|
4.3
|
4
|
4.3
|
5
|
3.1
|
5
|
3.1
|
|
Hispanic
|
8
|
5.2
|
8
|
5.2
|
4
|
4.3
|
4
|
4.3
|
8
|
5.0
|
8
|
5.0
|
|
White
|
124
|
80.0
|
124
|
80.0
|
72
|
76.6
|
72
|
76.6
|
129
|
80.6
|
129
|
80.6
|
|
Other
|
2
|
1.3
|
2
|
1.3
|
2
|
2.1
|
2
|
2.1
|
2
|
1.2
|
2
|
1.2
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
12
|
7.7
|
12
|
7.7
|
9
|
9.6
|
9
|
9.6
|
12
|
7.5
|
12
|
7.5
|
|
Visible minority
|
2
|
1.3
|
2
|
1.3
|
2
|
2.1
|
2
|
2.1
|
2
|
1.2
|
2
|
1.2
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
17
|
11.0
|
32
|
20.6
|
14
|
14.9
|
10
|
10.6
|
23
|
14.4
|
32
|
20.0
|
|
Midwest
|
29
|
18.7
|
35
|
22.6
|
19
|
20.2
|
21
|
22.3
|
34
|
21.2
|
36
|
22.5
|
|
South
|
59
|
38.1
|
44
|
28.4
|
31
|
33.0
|
30
|
31.9
|
56
|
35.0
|
45
|
28.1
|
|
West
|
36
|
23.2
|
30
|
19.4
|
19
|
20.2
|
22
|
23.4
|
33
|
20.6
|
33
|
20.6
|
|
Canadian Region
|
East
|
1
|
0.6
|
2
|
1.3
|
2
|
2.1
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
0.6
|
1
|
0.6
|
|
Central
|
8
|
5.2
|
7
|
4.5
|
5
|
5.3
|
5
|
5.3
|
6
|
3.8
|
6
|
3.8
|
|
West
|
5
|
3.2
|
5
|
3.2
|
4
|
4.3
|
6
|
6.4
|
7
|
4.4
|
7
|
4.4
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
1
|
0.6
|
1
|
0.6
|
1
|
1.1
|
1
|
1.1
|
1
|
0.6
|
1
|
0.6
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
14
|
9.0
|
14
|
9.0
|
10
|
10.6
|
10
|
10.6
|
16
|
10.0
|
16
|
10.0
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
64
|
41.3
|
64
|
41.3
|
43
|
45.7
|
43
|
45.7
|
66
|
41.2
|
66
|
41.2
|
|
Bachelor's degree
|
40
|
25.8
|
40
|
25.8
|
20
|
21.3
|
20
|
21.3
|
41
|
25.6
|
41
|
25.6
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
36
|
23.2
|
36
|
23.2
|
20
|
21.3
|
20
|
21.3
|
36
|
22.5
|
36
|
22.5
|
|
Diagnosis
|
Anxiety
|
0
|
0.0
|
34
|
21.9
|
0
|
0.0
|
28
|
29.8
|
0
|
0.0
|
39
|
24.4
|
|
Depression
|
0
|
0.0
|
38
|
24.5
|
0
|
0.0
|
24
|
25.5
|
0
|
0.0
|
43
|
26.9
|
|
Other Diagnosis
|
0
|
0.0
|
35
|
22.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
24
|
25.5
|
0
|
0.0
|
36
|
22.5
|
|
No co-occurring diagnoses
|
0
|
0.0
|
83
|
53.5
|
0
|
0.0
|
45
|
47.9
|
0
|
0.0
|
84
|
52.5
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
37.7 (13.3)
|
37.7 (12.7)
|
35.9 (12.1)
|
35.9 (11.9)
|
37.6 (13.2)
|
37.5 (12.6)
|
|
Total
|
155
|
100.0
|
155
|
100.0
|
94
|
100.0
|
94
|
100.0
|
160
|
100.0
|
160
|
100.0
|
Note.
Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes
Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include
less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and
Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring
diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.
Table J.25. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer ADHD and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy
|
Demographic
|
General Population
|
ADHD Inattentive or Combined
|
General Population
|
ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive or Combined
|
General Population
|
ADHD All Presentations
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
61
|
50.0
|
61
|
50.0
|
33
|
44.0
|
33
|
44.0
|
63
|
50.0
|
63
|
50.0
|
|
Male
|
61
|
50.0
|
61
|
50.0
|
42
|
56.0
|
42
|
56.0
|
63
|
50.0
|
63
|
50.0
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Black
|
2
|
1.6
|
2
|
1.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
1.6
|
2
|
1.6
|
|
Hispanic
|
8
|
6.6
|
8
|
6.6
|
5
|
6.7
|
5
|
6.7
|
8
|
6.3
|
8
|
6.3
|
|
White
|
98
|
80.3
|
98
|
80.3
|
61
|
81.3
|
61
|
81.3
|
102
|
81.0
|
102
|
81.0
|
|
Other
|
4
|
3.3
|
4
|
3.3
|
1
|
1.3
|
1
|
1.3
|
4
|
3.2
|
4
|
3.2
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
10
|
8.2
|
10
|
8.2
|
8
|
10.7
|
8
|
10.7
|
10
|
7.9
|
10
|
7.9
|
|
Visible minority
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
25
|
20.5
|
27
|
22.1
|
15
|
20.0
|
13
|
17.3
|
24
|
19.0
|
26
|
20.6
|
|
Midwest
|
25
|
20.5
|
29
|
23.8
|
16
|
21.3
|
16
|
21.3
|
28
|
22.2
|
27
|
21.4
|
|
South
|
39
|
32.0
|
35
|
28.7
|
25
|
33.3
|
23
|
30.7
|
42
|
33.3
|
38
|
30.2
|
|
West
|
23
|
18.9
|
21
|
17.2
|
11
|
14.7
|
15
|
20.0
|
22
|
17.5
|
25
|
19.8
|
|
Canadian Region
|
East
|
1
|
0.8
|
2
|
1.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
1.6
|
|
Central
|
6
|
4.9
|
6
|
4.9
|
6
|
8.0
|
6
|
8.0
|
7
|
5.6
|
6
|
4.8
|
|
West
|
3
|
2.5
|
2
|
1.6
|
2
|
2.7
|
1
|
1.3
|
3
|
2.4
|
2
|
1.6
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
1
|
0.8
|
1
|
0.8
|
1
|
1.3
|
1
|
1.3
|
1
|
0.8
|
1
|
0.8
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
14
|
11.5
|
14
|
11.5
|
8
|
10.7
|
8
|
10.7
|
16
|
12.7
|
16
|
12.7
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
54
|
44.3
|
54
|
44.3
|
33
|
44.0
|
33
|
44.0
|
55
|
43.7
|
55
|
43.7
|
|
Bachelor's degree
|
26
|
21.3
|
26
|
21.3
|
19
|
25.3
|
19
|
25.3
|
26
|
20.6
|
26
|
20.6
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
27
|
22.1
|
27
|
22.1
|
14
|
18.7
|
14
|
18.7
|
28
|
22.2
|
28
|
22.2
|
|
Diagnosis
|
Anxiety
|
0
|
0.0
|
33
|
27.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
23
|
30.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
36
|
28.6
|
|
Depression
|
0
|
0.0
|
38
|
31.1
|
0
|
0.0
|
19
|
25.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
41
|
32.5
|
|
Other Diagnosis
|
0
|
0.0
|
32
|
26.2
|
0
|
0.0
|
23
|
30.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
35
|
27.8
|
|
No co-occurring diagnoses
|
0
|
0.0
|
57
|
46.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
34
|
45.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
57
|
45.2
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
36.3 (12.7)
|
36.4 (12.9)
|
35.6 (10.8)
|
35.7 (11.5)
|
36.3 (12.9)
|
36.4 (12.9)
|
|
Total
|
122
|
100.0
|
122
|
100.0
|
75
|
100.0
|
75
|
100.0
|
126
|
100.0
|
126
|
100.0
|
Note.
Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes
Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include
less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and
Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring
diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.
Table J.26. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: CAARS 2 Observer ADHD and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy
|
Demographic
|
General Population
|
ADHD Inattentive or Combined
|
General Population
|
ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive or Combined
|
General Population
|
ADHD All Presentations
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
74
|
60.7
|
75
|
61.5
|
45
|
60.0
|
46
|
61.3
|
74
|
58.7
|
73
|
57.9
|
|
Male
|
48
|
39.3
|
47
|
38.5
|
30
|
40.0
|
29
|
38.7
|
52
|
41.3
|
53
|
42.1
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
1
|
0.8
|
1
|
0.8
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.3
|
1
|
0.8
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Black
|
5
|
4.1
|
0
|
0.0
|
3
|
4.0
|
2
|
2.7
|
5
|
4.0
|
2
|
1.6
|
|
Hispanic
|
9
|
7.4
|
10
|
8.2
|
7
|
9.3
|
7
|
9.3
|
12
|
9.5
|
10
|
7.9
|
|
White
|
91
|
74.6
|
100
|
82.0
|
55
|
73.3
|
56
|
74.7
|
94
|
74.6
|
103
|
81.7
|
|
Other
|
4
|
3.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
2.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
1.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
10
|
8.2
|
11
|
9.0
|
7
|
9.3
|
9
|
12.0
|
11
|
8.7
|
11
|
8.7
|
|
Visible minority
|
2
|
1.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
0.8
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
25
|
20.5
|
27
|
22.1
|
15
|
20.0
|
13
|
17.3
|
24
|
19.0
|
26
|
20.6
|
|
Midwest
|
25
|
20.5
|
29
|
23.8
|
16
|
21.3
|
16
|
21.3
|
28
|
22.2
|
27
|
21.4
|
|
South
|
39
|
32.0
|
35
|
28.7
|
25
|
33.3
|
23
|
30.7
|
42
|
33.3
|
38
|
30.2
|
|
West
|
23
|
18.9
|
21
|
17.2
|
11
|
14.7
|
15
|
20.0
|
22
|
17.5
|
25
|
19.8
|
|
Canadian Region
|
East
|
1
|
0.8
|
2
|
1.6
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
1.6
|
|
Central
|
6
|
4.9
|
6
|
4.9
|
6
|
8.0
|
6
|
8.0
|
7
|
5.6
|
6
|
4.8
|
|
West
|
3
|
2.5
|
2
|
1.6
|
2
|
2.7
|
1
|
1.3
|
3
|
2.4
|
2
|
1.6
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
3
|
2.5
|
1
|
0.8
|
1
|
1.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
5
|
4.0
|
1
|
0.8
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
18
|
14.8
|
16
|
13.1
|
12
|
16.0
|
8
|
10.7
|
23
|
18.3
|
17
|
13.5
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
53
|
43.4
|
33
|
27.0
|
30
|
40.0
|
22
|
29.3
|
47
|
37.3
|
31
|
24.6
|
|
Bachelor's degree
|
33
|
27.0
|
43
|
35.2
|
25
|
33.3
|
25
|
33.3
|
35
|
27.8
|
44
|
34.9
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
15
|
12.3
|
29
|
23.8
|
7
|
9.3
|
20
|
26.7
|
16
|
12.7
|
33
|
26.2
|
|
Relation to individual being rated
|
Spouse
|
25
|
20.5
|
77
|
63.1
|
18
|
24.0
|
49
|
65.3
|
35
|
27.8
|
78
|
61.9
|
|
Friend
|
37
|
30.3
|
14
|
11.5
|
19
|
25.3
|
8
|
10.7
|
34
|
27.0
|
15
|
11.9
|
|
Other Family Member
|
60
|
49.2
|
28
|
23.0
|
38
|
50.7
|
16
|
21.3
|
57
|
45.2
|
30
|
23.8
|
|
Other
|
0
|
0.0
|
3
|
2.5
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
2.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
3
|
2.4
|
|
Length of relationship
|
1–5 months
|
3
|
2.5
|
1
|
0.8
|
2
|
2.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
3
|
2.4
|
1
|
0.8
|
|
6–11 months
|
1
|
0.8
|
1
|
0.8
|
1
|
1.3
|
1
|
1.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
0.8
|
|
1–3 years
|
5
|
4.1
|
8
|
6.6
|
3
|
4.0
|
6
|
8.0
|
5
|
4.0
|
9
|
7.1
|
|
More than 3 years
|
113
|
92.6
|
112
|
91.8
|
69
|
92.0
|
68
|
90.7
|
118
|
93.7
|
115
|
91.3
|
|
How well does the rater know the individual being
rated?
|
Moderately well
|
7
|
5.7
|
3
|
2.5
|
5
|
6.7
|
3
|
4.0
|
5
|
4.0
|
4
|
3.2
|
|
Very well
|
115
|
94.3
|
119
|
97.5
|
70
|
93.3
|
72
|
96.0
|
121
|
96.0
|
122
|
96.8
|
|
How often does the rater interact with the individual
being rated?
|
Monthly
|
11
|
9.0
|
2
|
1.6
|
9
|
12.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
8
|
6.3
|
2
|
1.6
|
|
Weekly
|
41
|
33.6
|
19
|
15.6
|
25
|
33.3
|
10
|
13.3
|
34
|
27.0
|
20
|
15.9
|
|
Daily
|
70
|
57.4
|
101
|
82.8
|
41
|
54.7
|
65
|
86.7
|
84
|
66.7
|
104
|
82.5
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
40.9 (14.7)
|
37.3 (13.2)
|
39.6 (14.5)
|
37.0 (12.6)
|
40.8 (14.3)
|
37.9 (13.1)
|
|
Total
|
122
|
100.0
|
122
|
100.0
|
75
|
100.0
|
75
|
100.0
|
126
|
100.0
|
126
|
100.0
|
Fairness
Table J.27. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Gender Matched Samples
|
Demographic
|
Self-Report
|
Observer
|
|
Male
|
Female
|
Male
|
Female
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
0
|
0.0
|
463
|
100.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
444
|
100.0
|
|
Male
|
463
|
100.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
444
|
100.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
15
|
3.2
|
15
|
3.2
|
8
|
1.8
|
6
|
1.4
|
|
Black
|
39
|
8.4
|
39
|
8.4
|
49
|
11.0
|
49
|
11.0
|
|
Hispanic
|
50
|
10.8
|
50
|
10.8
|
39
|
8.8
|
39
|
8.8
|
|
White
|
316
|
68.3
|
317
|
68.5
|
312
|
70.3
|
312
|
70.3
|
|
Other
|
3
|
0.6
|
2
|
0.4
|
6
|
1.4
|
6
|
1.4
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
37
|
8.0
|
36
|
7.8
|
29
|
6.5
|
29
|
6.5
|
|
Visible minority
|
3
|
0.6
|
4
|
0.9
|
1
|
0.2
|
3
|
0.7
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
37
|
8.0
|
37
|
8.0
|
37
|
8.3
|
37
|
8.3
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
144
|
31.1
|
144
|
31.1
|
139
|
31.3
|
139
|
31.3
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
147
|
31.7
|
147
|
31.7
|
135
|
30.4
|
135
|
30.4
|
|
Bachelor’s degree
|
91
|
19.7
|
91
|
19.7
|
96
|
21.6
|
96
|
21.6
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
44
|
9.5
|
44
|
9.5
|
37
|
8.3
|
37
|
8.3
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
69
|
14.9
|
79
|
17.1
|
69
|
15.5
|
77
|
17.3
|
|
Midwest
|
81
|
17.5
|
94
|
20.3
|
93
|
20.9
|
96
|
21.6
|
|
South
|
175
|
37.8
|
165
|
35.6
|
155
|
34.9
|
159
|
35.8
|
|
West
|
98
|
21.2
|
85
|
18.4
|
97
|
21.8
|
80
|
18.0
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
21
|
4.5
|
26
|
5.6
|
16
|
3.6
|
20
|
4.5
|
|
East
|
4
|
0.9
|
3
|
0.6
|
3
|
0.7
|
1
|
0.2
|
|
West
|
15
|
3.2
|
11
|
2.4
|
11
|
2.5
|
11
|
2.5
|
|
Primary Language(s) Spoken
|
English only
|
408
|
88.1
|
408
|
88.1
|
400
|
90.1
|
400
|
90.1
|
|
English and Non-English
|
55
|
11.9
|
55
|
11.9
|
44
|
9.9
|
44
|
9.9
|
| Diagnosis
|
ADHD Inattentive
|
7
|
1.5
|
4
|
0.9
|
5
|
1.1
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
ADHD Combined
|
5
|
1.1
|
6
|
1.3
|
7
|
1.6
|
4
|
0.9
|
|
ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
0.2
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Anxiety
|
7
|
1.5
|
10
|
2.2
|
9
|
2.0
|
6
|
1.4
|
|
Depression
|
14
|
3.0
|
18
|
3.9
|
10
|
2.3
|
16
|
3.6
|
|
Other Diagnoses
|
2
|
0.4
|
4
|
0.9
|
12
|
2.7
|
7
|
1.6
|
|
No Diagnosis
|
444
|
95.9
|
444
|
95.9
|
425
|
95.7
|
425
|
95.7
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
50.4 (18.1)
|
50.7 (18.3)
|
51.3 (18.1)
|
51.1 (18.0)
|
|
Total
|
463
|
100.0
|
463
|
100.0
|
444
|
100.0
|
444
|
100.0
|
Note.
Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes
Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include
less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and
Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring
diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.
Table J.28. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: CAARS 2 Gender Matched Samples
|
Rater Demographic
|
Female
|
Male
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
284
|
64.0
|
284
|
64.0
|
|
Male
|
160
|
36.0
|
160
|
36.0
|
|
Other
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
9
|
2.0
|
9
|
2.0
|
|
Black
|
41
|
9.2
|
41
|
9.2
|
|
Hispanic
|
40
|
9.0
|
40
|
9.0
|
|
White
|
319
|
71.8
|
319
|
71.8
|
|
Other
|
3
|
0.7
|
3
|
0.7
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
31
|
7.0
|
31
|
7.0
|
|
Visible minority
|
1
|
0.2
|
1
|
0.2
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
14
|
3.2
|
14
|
3.2
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
113
|
25.5
|
113
|
25.5
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
155
|
34.9
|
155
|
34.9
|
|
Bachelor’s degree
|
110
|
24.8
|
110
|
24.8
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
52
|
11.7
|
52
|
11.7
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
64
|
14.4
|
64
|
14.4
|
|
Midwest
|
88
|
19.8
|
88
|
19.8
|
|
South
|
173
|
39.0
|
173
|
39.0
|
|
West
|
87
|
19.6
|
87
|
19.6
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
18
|
4.1
|
18
|
4.1
|
|
East
|
2
|
0.5
|
2
|
0.5
|
|
West
|
12
|
2.7
|
12
|
2.7
|
|
Relation to individual being rated
|
Spouse
|
134
|
30.2
|
134
|
30.2
|
|
Friend
|
99
|
22.3
|
99
|
22.3
|
|
Other Family Member
|
207
|
46.6
|
207
|
46.6
|
|
Other
|
4
|
0.9
|
4
|
0.9
|
|
Length of relationship
|
1–5 months
|
2
|
0.5
|
2
|
0.5
|
|
6–11 months
|
3
|
0.7
|
3
|
0.7
|
|
1–3 years
|
19
|
4.3
|
19
|
4.3
|
|
More than 3 years
|
420
|
94.6
|
420
|
94.6
|
|
How well does the rater know the individual being
rated?
|
Moderately well
|
32
|
7.2
|
32
|
7.2
|
|
Very well
|
412
|
92.8
|
412
|
92.8
|
|
How often does the rater interact with the individual
being rated?
|
Monthly
|
38
|
8.6
|
38
|
8.6
|
|
Weekly
|
149
|
33.6
|
149
|
33.6
|
|
Daily
|
257
|
57.9
|
257
|
57.9
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
46.6 (15.5)
|
46.6 (15.5)
|
|
Total
|
444
|
100.0
|
444
|
100.0
|
Table J.29. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Self-Report U.S. Race/Ethnicity Matched Samples
|
Demographic
|
White vs. Asian
|
White vs. Black
|
White vs. Hispanic
|
|
White
|
Asian
|
White
|
Black
|
White
|
Hispanic
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
26
|
50.0
|
26
|
50.0
|
73
|
52.9
|
73
|
52.9
|
42
|
45.2
|
42
|
45.2
|
|
Male
|
26
|
50.0
|
26
|
50.0
|
65
|
47.1
|
65
|
47.1
|
51
|
54.8
|
51
|
54.8
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
1
|
1.9
|
1
|
1.9
|
12
|
8.7
|
12
|
8.7
|
13
|
14.0
|
13
|
14.0
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
9
|
17.3
|
9
|
17.3
|
42
|
30.4
|
42
|
30.4
|
30
|
32.3
|
30
|
32.3
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
15
|
28.8
|
15
|
28.8
|
46
|
33.3
|
46
|
33.3
|
23
|
24.7
|
23
|
24.7
|
|
Bachelor’s degree
|
16
|
30.8
|
16
|
30.8
|
30
|
21.7
|
30
|
21.7
|
22
|
23.7
|
22
|
23.7
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
11
|
21.2
|
11
|
21.2
|
8
|
5.8
|
8
|
5.8
|
5
|
5.4
|
5
|
5.4
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
14
|
26.9
|
13
|
25.0
|
27
|
19.6
|
29
|
21.0
|
19
|
20.4
|
17
|
18.3
|
|
Midwest
|
11
|
21.2
|
2
|
3.8
|
23
|
16.7
|
24
|
17.4
|
17
|
18.3
|
15
|
16.1
|
|
South
|
17
|
32.7
|
8
|
15.4
|
63
|
45.7
|
68
|
49.3
|
39
|
41.9
|
33
|
35.5
|
|
West
|
10
|
19.2
|
29
|
55.8
|
25
|
18.1
|
17
|
12.3
|
18
|
19.4
|
28
|
30.1
|
|
Primary Language(s) Spoken
|
English Only
|
42
|
80.8
|
42
|
80.8
|
135
|
97.8
|
135
|
97.8
|
64
|
68.8
|
64
|
68.8
|
|
English and Non-English
|
10
|
19.2
|
10
|
19.2
|
3
|
2.2
|
3
|
2.2
|
29
|
31.2
|
29
|
31.2
|
| Diagnosis
|
ADHD Inattentive
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
ADHD Combined
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
0.7
|
1
|
1.1
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Anxiety
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
3
|
2.2
|
2
|
1.4
|
2
|
2.2
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Depression
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
4
|
2.9
|
5
|
3.6
|
3
|
3.2
|
3
|
3.2
|
|
Other Diagnoses
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
1
|
0.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
2.2
|
1
|
1.1
|
|
No Diagnosis
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
133
|
96.4
|
133
|
96.4
|
90
|
96.8
|
90
|
96.8
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
49.7 (17.7)
|
49.8 (18.6)
|
48.7 (17.7)
|
48.3 (17.5)
|
45.0 (18.4)
|
45.2 (18.6)
|
|
Total
|
52
|
100.0
|
52
|
100.0
|
138
|
100.0
|
138
|
100.0
|
93
|
100.0
|
93
|
100.0
|
Note.
Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes
Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include
less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and
Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring
diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.
Table J.30. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 Observer U.S. Race/Ethnicity Matched Samples
|
Demographic
|
White vs. Asian
|
White vs. Black
|
White vs. Hispanic
|
|
White
|
Asian
|
White
|
Black
|
White
|
Hispanic
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
20
|
57.1
|
20
|
57.1
|
74
|
48.7
|
74
|
48.7
|
57
|
55.3
|
57
|
55.3
|
|
Male
|
15
|
42.9
|
15
|
42.9
|
78
|
51.3
|
78
|
51.3
|
46
|
44.7
|
46
|
44.7
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
2
|
5.7
|
2
|
5.7
|
13
|
8.6
|
13
|
8.6
|
10
|
9.7
|
10
|
9.7
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
6
|
17.1
|
6
|
17.1
|
51
|
33.6
|
51
|
33.6
|
29
|
28.2
|
29
|
28.2
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
9
|
25.7
|
9
|
25.7
|
47
|
30.9
|
47
|
30.9
|
30
|
29.1
|
30
|
29.1
|
|
Bachelor’s degree
|
10
|
28.6
|
10
|
28.6
|
30
|
19.7
|
30
|
19.7
|
21
|
20.4
|
21
|
20.4
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
8
|
22.9
|
8
|
22.9
|
11
|
7.2
|
11
|
7.2
|
13
|
12.6
|
13
|
12.6
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
8
|
22.9
|
9
|
25.7
|
26
|
17.1
|
21
|
13.8
|
25
|
24.3
|
21
|
20.4
|
|
Midwest
|
6
|
17.1
|
3
|
8.6
|
36
|
23.7
|
34
|
22.4
|
19
|
18.4
|
13
|
12.6
|
|
South
|
14
|
40.0
|
10
|
28.6
|
53
|
34.9
|
81
|
53.3
|
40
|
38.8
|
30
|
29.1
|
|
West
|
7
|
20.0
|
13
|
37.1
|
37
|
24.3
|
16
|
10.5
|
19
|
18.4
|
39
|
37.9
|
|
Primary Language(s) Spoken
|
English Only
|
20
|
57.1
|
20
|
57.1
|
148
|
97.4
|
148
|
97.4
|
77
|
74.8
|
77
|
74.8
|
|
English and Non-English
|
15
|
42.9
|
15
|
42.9
|
4
|
2.6
|
4
|
2.6
|
26
|
25.2
|
26
|
25.2
|
| Diagnosis
|
ADHD Inattentive
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
ADHD Combined
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
1
|
0.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Anxiety
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
1
|
0.7
|
2
|
1.3
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
|
Depression
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
1
|
0.7
|
2
|
1.3
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Other Diagnoses
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
1
|
0.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
No Diagnosis
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
149
|
98.0
|
149
|
98.0
|
102
|
99
|
102
|
99
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
50.3 (21.7)
|
50.3 (21.5)
|
48.2 (18.1)
|
47.6 (17.2)
|
46.0 (18.3)
|
46.0 (18.7)
|
|
Total
|
35
|
100.0
|
35
|
100.0
|
152
|
100.0
|
152
|
100.0
|
103
|
100.0
|
103
|
100.0
|
Note.
Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes
Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include
less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and
Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring
diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.
Table J.31. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: CAARS 2 Observer U.S. Race/Ethnicity Matched Samples
|
Demographic
|
White vs. Asian
|
White vs. Black
|
White vs. Hispanic
|
|
White
|
Asian
|
White
|
Black
|
White
|
Hispanic
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
24
|
68.6
|
21
|
60.0
|
108
|
71.1
|
97
|
63.8
|
71
|
68.9
|
70
|
68
|
|
Male
|
11
|
31.4
|
14
|
40.0
|
44
|
28.9
|
55
|
36.2
|
32
|
31.1
|
33
|
32
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
2
|
5.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
8
|
5.3
|
3
|
2.0
|
7
|
6.8
|
3
|
2.9
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
5
|
14.3
|
7
|
20.0
|
35
|
23.0
|
39
|
25.7
|
18
|
17.5
|
24
|
23.3
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
13
|
37.1
|
10
|
28.6
|
68
|
44.7
|
59
|
38.8
|
40
|
38.8
|
31
|
30.1
|
|
Bachelor’s degree
|
8
|
22.9
|
12
|
34.3
|
28
|
18.4
|
38
|
25.0
|
22
|
21.4
|
35
|
34
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
7
|
20.0
|
6
|
17.1
|
13
|
8.6
|
13
|
8.6
|
16
|
15.5
|
10
|
9.7
|
|
Region
|
Northeast
|
7
|
20.0
|
9
|
25.7
|
22
|
14.5
|
23
|
15.1
|
22
|
21.4
|
20
|
19.4
|
|
Midwest
|
4
|
11.4
|
3
|
8.6
|
36
|
23.7
|
29
|
19.1
|
19
|
18.4
|
14
|
13.6
|
|
South
|
19
|
54.3
|
10
|
28.6
|
62
|
40.8
|
85
|
55.9
|
44
|
42.7
|
31
|
30.1
|
|
West
|
5
|
14.3
|
13
|
37.1
|
32
|
21.1
|
15
|
9.9
|
18
|
17.5
|
38
|
36.9
|
|
Relation to individual being rated
|
Spouse
|
11
|
31.4
|
12
|
34.3
|
9
|
5.9
|
35
|
23.0
|
14
|
13.6
|
20
|
19.4
|
|
Friend
|
8
|
22.9
|
9
|
25.7
|
2
|
1.3
|
45
|
29.6
|
9
|
8.7
|
27
|
26.2
|
|
Other Family Member
|
16
|
45.7
|
14
|
40.0
|
138
|
90.8
|
69
|
45.4
|
79
|
76.7
|
55
|
53.4
|
|
Other
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
3
|
2.0
|
3
|
2.0
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
Length of relationship
|
1–5 months
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
1.3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
6 –11 months
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
2
|
1.3
|
0
|
0
|
3
|
2.9
|
|
1–3 years
|
4
|
11.4
|
2
|
5.7
|
1
|
0.7
|
10
|
6.6
|
4
|
3.9
|
7
|
6.8
|
|
More than 3 years
|
31
|
88.6
|
33
|
94.3
|
151
|
99.3
|
138
|
90.8
|
99
|
96.1
|
93
|
90.3
|
|
How well does the rater know the individual being
rated?
|
Moderately Well
|
1
|
2.9
|
4
|
11.4
|
5
|
3.3
|
9
|
5.9
|
2
|
1.9
|
5
|
4.9
|
|
Very Well
|
34
|
97.1
|
31
|
88.6
|
147
|
96.7
|
143
|
94.1
|
101
|
98.1
|
98
|
95.1
|
|
How often does the rater interact with the individual
being rated?
|
Monthly
|
5
|
14.3
|
4
|
11.4
|
10
|
6.6
|
13
|
8.6
|
9
|
8.7
|
8
|
7.8
|
|
Weekly
|
9
|
25.7
|
9
|
25.7
|
63
|
41.4
|
47
|
30.9
|
43
|
41.7
|
28
|
27.2
|
|
Daily
|
21
|
60.0
|
22
|
62.9
|
79
|
52.0
|
92
|
60.5
|
51
|
49.5
|
67
|
65
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
46.5 (17.4)
|
43.5 (18.8)
|
45.2 (14.7)
|
43.2 (14.9)
|
47.3 (14.2)
|
39.6 (14.8)
|
|
Total
|
35
|
100.0
|
35
|
100.0
|
152
|
100.0
|
152
|
100.0
|
103
|
100.0
|
103
|
100.0
|
Table J.32. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals: CAARS 2 U.S. and Canada Matched Samples
|
Demographic
|
Self-Report
|
Observer
|
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
44
|
51.2
|
44
|
51.2
|
40
|
49.4
|
40
|
49.4
|
|
Male
|
42
|
48.8
|
42
|
48.8
|
41
|
50.6
|
41
|
50.6
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
7
|
8.1
|
--
|
--
|
9
|
11.1
|
--
|
--
|
|
Black
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
--
|
--
|
0
|
0.0
|
--
|
--
|
|
Hispanic
|
2
|
2.3
|
--
|
--
|
1
|
1.2
|
--
|
--
|
|
White
|
74
|
86.0
|
--
|
--
|
70
|
86.4
|
--
|
--
|
|
Other
|
3
|
3.5
|
--
|
--
|
1
|
1.2
|
--
|
--
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
--
|
--
|
76
|
88.4
|
--
|
--
|
70
|
86.4
|
|
Visible minority
|
--
|
--
|
10
|
11.6
|
--
|
--
|
11
|
13.6
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
10
|
11.6
|
10
|
11.6
|
7
|
8.6
|
7
|
8.6
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
24
|
27.9
|
24
|
27.9
|
23
|
28.4
|
23
|
28.4
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
27
|
31.4
|
27
|
31.4
|
27
|
33.3
|
27
|
33.3
|
|
Bachelor’s degree
|
18
|
20.9
|
18
|
20.9
|
13
|
16.0
|
13
|
16.0
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
7
|
8.1
|
7
|
8.1
|
11
|
13.6
|
11
|
13.6
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
13
|
15.1
|
--
|
--
|
19
|
23.5
|
--
|
--
|
|
Midwest
|
16
|
18.6
|
--
|
--
|
17
|
21.0
|
--
|
--
|
|
South
|
33
|
38.4
|
--
|
--
|
26
|
32.1
|
--
|
--
|
|
West
|
24
|
27.9
|
--
|
--
|
19
|
23.5
|
--
|
--
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
--
|
--
|
49
|
57.0
|
--
|
--
|
44
|
54.3
|
|
East
|
--
|
--
|
8
|
9.3
|
--
|
--
|
6
|
7.4
|
|
West
|
--
|
--
|
29
|
33.7
|
--
|
--
|
31
|
38.3
|
|
Primary Language(s) Spoken
|
English Only
|
74
|
86.0
|
74
|
86.0
|
60
|
74.1
|
60
|
74.1
|
|
English and Non-English
|
12
|
14.0
|
12
|
14.0
|
21
|
25.9
|
21
|
25.9
|
|
Diagnosis
|
ADHD Inattentive
|
2
|
2.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
ADHD Combined
|
1
|
1.2
|
1
|
1.2
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.2
|
|
ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive
|
9
|
10.5
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Anxiety
|
2
|
2.3
|
2
|
2.3
|
1
|
1.2
|
1
|
1.2
|
|
Depression
|
1
|
1.2
|
3
|
3.5
|
2
|
2.5
|
2
|
2.5
|
|
Other Diagnoses
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
1.2
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
No Diagnosis
|
83
|
96.5
|
83
|
96.5
|
79
|
97.5
|
79
|
97.5
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
51.8 (18.4)
|
52.3 (18.7)
|
52.2 (18.3)
|
52.2 (18.6)
|
|
Total
|
86
|
100.0
|
86
|
100.0
|
81
|
100.0
|
81
|
100.0
|
Note.
Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes
Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include
less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Substance-Related and
Addictive Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because individuals with co-occurring
diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.
Table J.33. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: CAARS 2 U.S. and Canada Matched Samples
|
Demographic
|
U.S.
|
Canada
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
60
|
74.1
|
46
|
56.8
|
|
Male
|
21
|
25.9
|
35
|
43.2
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
5
|
6.2
|
--
|
--
|
|
Black
|
1
|
1.2
|
--
|
--
|
|
Hispanic
|
4
|
4.9
|
--
|
--
|
|
White
|
68
|
84.0
|
--
|
--
|
|
Other
|
3
|
3.7
|
--
|
--
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
--
|
--
|
68
|
84.0
|
| Visible minority
|
--
|
--
|
13
|
16.0
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
1
|
1.2
|
1
|
1.2
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
17
|
21.0
|
23
|
28.4
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
39
|
48.1
|
32
|
39.5
|
|
Bachelor's degree
|
17
|
21.0
|
21
|
25.9
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
7
|
8.6
|
4
|
4.9
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
18
|
22.2
|
--
|
--
|
|
Midwest
|
18
|
22.2
|
--
|
--
|
|
South
|
28
|
34.6
|
--
|
--
|
| West
|
17
|
21.0
|
--
|
--
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
--
|
--
|
46
|
56.8
|
|
East
|
--
|
--
|
6
|
7.4
|
|
West
|
--
|
--
|
29
|
35.8
|
|
Relation to individual being rated
|
Spouse
|
7
|
8.6
|
24
|
29.6
|
|
Friend
|
7
|
8.6
|
16
|
19.8
|
|
Other Family Member
|
65
|
80.2
|
40
|
49.4
|
|
Other
|
2
|
2.5
|
1
|
1.2
|
|
Length of relationship
|
1–3 years
|
1
|
1.2
|
3
|
3.7
|
|
More than 3 years
|
80
|
98.8
|
78
|
96.3
|
|
How well does the rater know the individual being
rated?
|
Moderately well
|
2
|
2.5
|
3
|
3.7
|
|
Very well
|
79
|
97.5
|
78
|
96.3
|
|
How often does the rater interact with the individual
being rated?
|
Monthly
|
10
|
12.3
|
6
|
7.4
|
|
Weekly
|
30
|
37.0
|
31
|
38.3
|
|
Daily
|
41
|
50.6
|
44
|
54.3
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
44.1 (14.6)
|
49.0 (14.1)
|
44.1 (14.6)
|
49.0 (14.1)
|
|
Total
|
81
|
100.0
|
81
|
100.0
|
Translations
Table J.34. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals and Raters: CAARS 2 French Translation
|
Demographic
|
Rated Individual
|
Raters
|
|
Self-Report
|
Observer
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Male
|
140
|
51.1
|
90
|
46.2
|
109
|
55.9
|
|
Female
|
134
|
48.9
|
104
|
53.3
|
84
|
43.1
|
|
Other
|
0
|
0.0
|
1
|
0.5
|
2
|
1.0
|
|
Canadian Race/Ethnicity
|
Not a visible minority
|
231
|
84.3
|
178
|
91.3
|
171
|
87.7
|
|
Visible minority
|
43
|
15.7
|
17
|
8.7
|
20
|
10.3
|
|
Canadian Region
|
Central
|
263
|
96.0
|
192
|
98.5
|
186
|
95.3
|
|
East
|
4
|
1.5
|
1
|
0.5
|
7
|
3.7
|
|
West
|
7
|
2.6
|
2
|
1.0
|
2
|
1.0
|
|
Education Level
|
No highs chool diploma
|
9
|
3.3
|
9
|
4.6
|
6
|
3.1
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
60
|
21.9
|
43
|
22.1
|
34
|
17.4
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
104
|
38.0
|
98
|
50.3
|
83
|
42.6
|
|
Bachelor's degree
|
67
|
24.5
|
32
|
16.4
|
48
|
24.6
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
34
|
12.4
|
13
|
6.7
|
24
|
12.3
|
|
Relation to individual being rated
|
Spouse
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
121
|
62.1
|
|
Friend
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
32
|
16.4
|
|
Other Family Member
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
35
|
17.9
|
|
Other
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
7
|
3.6
|
|
How long has the rater known the individual being
rated?
|
1–5 months
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
2
|
1.0
|
|
6–11 months
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
3
|
1.5
|
|
1–3 years
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
10
|
5.1
|
|
More than 3 years
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
180
|
92.3
|
|
How well does the rater know the individual being
rated?
|
Moderately well
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
12
|
6.2
|
|
Very well
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
183
|
93.8
|
|
How often does the rater interact with the individual
being rated?
|
Monthly
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
9
|
4.6
|
|
Weekly
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
28
|
14.4
|
|
Daily
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
158
|
81.0
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
46.3 (17.2)
|
51.0 (17.1)
|
49.2 (17.1)
|
|
Total
|
274
|
100.0
|
195
|
100.0
|
195
|
100.0
|
Note.
Race/Ethnicity was not provided for four Observers.
Table J.35. Demographic Characteristics of the Rated Individuals and Raters: CAARS 2 Spanish Translation
|
Demographic
|
Rated Individual
|
Raters
|
|
Self-Report
|
Observer
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Male
|
157
|
55.5
|
122
|
53.0
|
92
|
40.0
|
|
Female
|
125
|
44.2
|
107
|
46.5
|
137
|
59.6
|
|
Other
|
1
|
0.4
|
1
|
0.4
|
1
|
0.4
|
|
U.S. Race/Ethnicity
|
Hispanic
|
253
|
89.4
|
178
|
77.4
|
228
|
99.1
|
|
Asian
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Black
|
2
|
0.7
|
3
|
1.3
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
White
|
26
|
9.2
|
45
|
19.6
|
2
|
0.9
|
|
Other
|
2
|
0.7
|
4
|
1.7
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Hispanic Origin
|
Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano
|
112
|
44.3
|
71
|
39.9
|
90
|
39.5
|
|
Puerto Rican
|
44
|
17.4
|
36
|
20.2
|
40
|
17.5
|
|
Cuban
|
22
|
8.7
|
21
|
11.8
|
31
|
13.6
|
|
Other Hispanic, Latin, or Spanish Origin
|
75
|
29.6
|
50
|
28.1
|
67
|
29.4
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
48
|
17.0
|
34
|
14.8
|
34
|
14.8
|
|
Midwest
|
24
|
8.5
|
20
|
8.7
|
20
|
8.7
|
|
South
|
139
|
49.1
|
119
|
51.7
|
119
|
51.7
|
|
West
|
72
|
25.4
|
57
|
24.8
|
57
|
24.8
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
3
|
1.1
|
12
|
5.2
|
1
|
0.4
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
32
|
11.3
|
40
|
17.4
|
28
|
12.2
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
82
|
29.0
|
56
|
24.3
|
68
|
29.6
|
|
Bachelor's degree
|
102
|
36.0
|
64
|
27.8
|
81
|
35.2
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
64
|
22.6
|
58
|
25.2
|
52
|
22.6
|
|
Relation to individual being rated
|
Spouse
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
140
|
60.9
|
|
Friend
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
45
|
19.6
|
|
Other family member
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
36
|
15.7
|
|
Other
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
9
|
3.9
|
|
How long has the rater known the individual being rated?
|
1–5 months
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
1
|
0.4
|
|
6–11 months
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
3
|
1.3
|
|
1–3 years
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
11
|
4.8
|
|
More than 3 years
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
215
|
93.5
|
|
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?
|
Moderately well
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
14
|
6.1
|
|
Very well
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
216
|
93.9
|
|
How often does the rater interact with the individual
being rated?
|
Monthly
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
8
|
3.5
|
|
Weekly
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
27
|
11.7
|
|
Daily
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
--
|
195
|
84.8
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
45.0 (15.3)
|
49.0 (16.1)
|
48.6 (15.1)
|
|
Total
|
283
|
100.0
|
230
|
100.0
|
230
|
100.0
|
Note.
The % column in the Hispanic Origin section has a total sample size equal to the number of individuals who
identified as Hispanic in the U.S. Race/Ethnicity section.
Impact of COVID-19 on Normative Scores
Table J.36. Demographic Characteristics for the 2019 and 2022 Samples: CAARS 2 Self-Report
|
Demographic
|
2019 Sample
|
2022 Sample
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Male
|
125
|
50.2
|
125
|
50.2
|
|
Female
|
124
|
49.8
|
124
|
49.8
|
|
Other
|
0
|
0.0
|
0
|
0.0
|
|
Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
13
|
5.2
|
13
|
5.2
|
|
Black
|
38
|
15.3
|
38
|
15.3
|
|
Hispanic
|
25
|
10.0
|
25
|
10.0
|
|
Other
|
5
|
2.0
|
5
|
2.0
|
|
White
|
168
|
67.5
|
168
|
67.5
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Midwest
|
48
|
19.3
|
44
|
17.7
|
|
Northeast
|
40
|
16.1
|
45
|
18.1
|
|
South
|
106
|
42.6
|
120
|
48.2
|
|
West
|
55
|
22.1
|
40
|
16.1
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
7
|
2.8
|
7
|
2.8
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
63
|
25.3
|
63
|
25.3
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
98
|
39.4
|
98
|
39.4
|
|
Bachelor's degree
|
54
|
21.7
|
54
|
21.7
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
27
|
10.8
|
27
|
10.8
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
44.2 (17.8)
|
44.0 (17.4)
|
|
Total Sample
|
249
|
249
|
Table J.37. Demographic Characteristics for the 2019 and 2022 Samples: CAARS 2 Observer
|
Demographic
|
2019 Sample
|
2022 Sample
|
|
Rater
|
Rated Individual
|
Rater
|
Rated Individual
|
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
|
Gender
|
Female
|
165
|
70.5
|
117
|
50
|
135
|
57.7
|
117
|
50
|
|
Male
|
69
|
29.5
|
117
|
50
|
98
|
41.9
|
117
|
50
|
|
Other
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0.4
|
0
|
0
|
|
Race/Ethnicity
|
Asian
|
6
|
2.6
|
8
|
3.4
|
8
|
3.4
|
8
|
3.4
|
|
Black
|
24
|
10.3
|
29
|
12.4
|
26
|
11.1
|
29
|
12.4
|
|
Hispanic
|
40
|
17.2
|
29
|
12.4
|
33
|
14.1
|
29
|
12.4
|
|
White
|
160
|
68.7
|
163
|
69.7
|
162
|
69.2
|
163
|
69.7
|
|
Other
|
3
|
1.3
|
5
|
2.1
|
5
|
2.1
|
5
|
2.1
|
|
Education Level
|
No high school diploma
|
7
|
3
|
12
|
5.1
|
10
|
4.3
|
12
|
5.1
|
|
High school diploma/GED
|
48
|
20.6
|
83
|
35.5
|
72
|
30.8
|
83
|
35.5
|
|
Some college or associate degree
|
93
|
39.9
|
65
|
27.8
|
65
|
27.8
|
65
|
27.8
|
|
Bachelor’s degree
|
62
|
26.6
|
42
|
17.9
|
57
|
24.4
|
42
|
17.9
|
|
Graduate or professional degree
|
23
|
9.9
|
32
|
13.7
|
30
|
12.8
|
32
|
13.7
|
|
U.S. Region
|
Northeast
|
--
|
--
|
48
|
20.5
|
--
|
--
|
50
|
21.4
|
|
Midwest
|
--
|
--
|
43
|
18.4
|
--
|
--
|
38
|
16.2
|
|
South
|
--
|
--
|
80
|
34.2
|
--
|
--
|
108
|
46.2
|
|
West
|
--
|
--
|
63
|
26.9
|
--
|
--
|
38
|
16.2
|
|
Relation to individual being rated
|
Spouse
|
29
|
12.4
|
--
|
--
|
73
|
31.2
|
--
|
--
|
|
Other family member
|
170
|
72.6
|
--
|
--
|
103
|
44
|
--
|
--
|
|
Friend
|
32
|
13.7
|
--
|
--
|
53
|
22.6
|
--
|
--
|
|
Other
|
3
|
1.3
|
--
|
--
|
5
|
2.1
|
--
|
--
|
|
How well does the rater know the individual being rated?
|
Moderately well
|
12
|
5.1
|
--
|
--
|
10
|
4.3
|
--
|
--
|
|
Very well
|
222
|
94.9
|
--
|
--
|
224
|
95.7
|
--
|
--
|
|
Length of relationship
|
1-5 months
|
1
|
0.4
|
--
|
--
|
2
|
0.9
|
--
|
--
|
|
6-11 months
|
1
|
0.4
|
--
|
--
|
5
|
2.1
|
--
|
--
|
|
1-3 years
|
8
|
3.4
|
--
|
--
|
21
|
9
|
--
|
--
|
|
More than 3 years
|
224
|
95.7
|
--
|
--
|
206
|
88
|
--
|
--
|
|
How often does the rater interact with the individual
being rated?
|
Monthly
|
28
|
12
|
--
|
--
|
22
|
9.4
|
--
|
--
|
|
Weekly
|
90
|
38.5
|
--
|
--
|
63
|
26.9
|
--
|
--
|
|
Daily
|
116
|
49.6
|
--
|
--
|
149
|
63.7
|
--
|
--
|
|
Age in years M (SD)
|
42.5 (15.7)
|
43.7 (17.8)
|
46.2 (17.8)
|
43.1 (17.3)
|
|
Total
|
234
|
234
|
Note.
Matched samples were selected based on characteristics of the rated individual.
