Manual

Conners 4 Manual

Appendix F: Sample Descriptions, Tables

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Table F.1. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Conners 4 Test-Retest Samples

Demographic		Parent		Teacher		Self-Report
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	40	49.4	31	50.8	36	52.9
Gender	Female	41	50.6	30	49.2	32	47.1
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	11	13.6	9	14.8	16	23.5
	Asian	5	6.2	5	8.2	5	7.4
	Black	4	4.9	9	14.8	6	8.8
	White	50	61.7	33	54.1	39	57.4
	Other	3	3.7	4	6.6	2	2.9
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	4	4.9	0	0.0	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	4	4.9	1	1.6	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	16	19.8	6	9.8	10	14.7
	Midwest	9	11.1	15	24.6	17	25.0
	South	34	42.0	25	41.0	17	25.0
	West	14	17.3	14	23.0	24	35.3
Canadian Region	East	1	1.2	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Central	5	6.2	1	1.6	0	0.0
	West	2	2.5	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	1	1.2	—	—	8	11.8
	High school diploma/GED	6	7.4	—	—	13	19.1
	Some college or associate’s degree	33	40.7	—	—	25	36.8
	Bachelor’s degree	28	34.6	—	—	13	19.1
	Graduate or professional degree	13	16.0	—	—	9	13.2
Age in years M (SD)		12.1 (3.6)		12.2 (4.2)		13.2 (3.0)
Days between administrations M (SD)		22.0 (3.6)		19.0 (6.0)		22.3 (5.6)
Total		81	100.0	61	100.0	68	100.0

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Table F.2. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Conners 4 Test-Retest Samples

Rater Demographic		Parent		Teacher
Rater Demographic		N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	35	43.2	8	13.1
Gender	Female	46	56.8	53	86.9
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	3	3.7	3	4.9
	Asian	6	7.4	4	6.6
	Black	5	6.2	1	1.6
	White	58	71.6	52	85.2
	Other	1	1.2	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	5	6.2	1	1.6
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	3	3.7	0	0.0
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	45	55.6	—	—
	Biological father	31	38.3	—	—
	Non-biological mother	1	1.2	—	—
	Non-biological father	3	3.7	—	—
	Other relative	1	1.2	—	—
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	—	—	13	21.3
	6–11 months	—	—	21	34.4
	1–3 years	—	—	27	44.3
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	22	36.1
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	39	63.9
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Weekly	—	—	6	9.8
	Daily	—	—	55	90.2
Age in years M (SD)		44.9 (9.2)		44.9 (11.6)
Total		81	100.0	61	100.0

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Table F.3. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Conners 4 Inter-Rater Reliability Study 1

Demographic		Parent		Teacher
Demographic		N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	36	52.9	23	67.6
Gender	Female	32	47.1	11	32.4
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	4	5.9	2	5.9
	Asian	2	2.9	1	2.9
	Black	8	11.8	3	8.8
	White	41	60.3	25	73.5
	Other	4	5.9	2	5.9
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	9	13.2	1	2.9
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	11	16.2	16	47.1
	Midwest	17	25.0	1	2.9
	South	28	41.2	16	47.1
	West	3	4.4	0	0.0
Canadian Region	East	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Central	3	4.4	0	0.0
	West	6	8.8	1	2.9
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	1	1.5	—	—
	High school diploma/GED	9	13.2	—	—
	Some college or associate’s degree	29	42.6	—	—
	Bachelor’s degree	20	29.4	—	—
	Graduate or professional degree	9	13.2	—	—
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	2	2.9	5	14.7
	ADHD Combined	5	7.4	13	38.2
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	1	1.5	2	5.9
	Anxiety	3	4.4	9	26.5
	Depression	0	0.0	3	8.8
	Other Diagnoses	1	1.5	19	55.9
	No Diagnosis	57	83.8	0	0.0
Age in years M (SD)		11.4 (3.6)		11.3 (3.4)
Days between administrations M (SD)		6.2 (16.0)		13.0 (13.4)
Total		68	100.0	34	100.0

Note. Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Learning Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because youth with co-occurring diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.

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Table F.4. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Conners 4 Inter-Rater Reliability Study 1

Rater Demographic		Parent 1		Parent 2		Teacher 1		Teacher 2
Rater Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	25	36.8	43	63.2	3	8.8	1	2.9
Gender	Female	43	63.2	25	36.8	31	91.2	33	97.1
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	1	1.5	2	2.9	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Asian	2	2.9	3	4.4	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	9	13.2	11	16.2	0	0.0	1	2.9
	White	47	69.1	43	63.2	32	94.1	32	94.1
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	2.9	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	9	13.2	9	13.2	1	2.9	1	2.9
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	43	63.2	25	36.8	—	—	—	—
	Biological father	23	33.8	37	54.4	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological father	2	2.9	6	8.8	—	—	—	—
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	—	—	—	—	18	52.9	18	52.9
	6–11 months	—	—	—	—	3	8.8	3	8.8
	1–3 years	—	—	—	—	13	38.2	13	38.2
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	—	—	23	67.6	22	64.7
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	—	—	11	32.4	12	35.3
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	—	—	—	—	3	8.8	1	2.9
	Weekly	—	—	—	—	4	11.8	3	8.8
	Daily	—	—	—	—	27	79.4	30	88.2
Age in years M (SD)		40.6 (7.1)		41.4 (8.1)		40.1 (11.2)		40.2 (11.1)
Total		68	100.0	68	100.0	34	100.0	34	100.0

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Table F.5. Demographic Characteristics: Conners 4 Inter-Rater Reliability Study 2

Demographic		Rated Youth		Rater
		Self-Report		Parent		Teacher
		N	%	N	%	N		%
Gender	Male	31	50.0	8	12.9	7		11.3
Gender	Female	31	50.0	54	87.1	55		88.7
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	6	9.7	5	8.1	2		3.2
	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	1		1.6
	Black	2	3.2	3	4.8	2		3.2
	White	47	75.8	48	77.4	53		85.5
	Other	4	6.5	3	4.8	1		1.6
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	3	4.8	3	4.8	3		4.8
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0		0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	9	14.5	9	14.5	9		14.5
	Midwest	16	25.8	16	25.8	16		25.8
	South	26	41.9	26	41.9	26		41.9
	West	8	12.9	8	12.9	8		12.9
Canadian Region	East	0	0.0	0	0.0	0		0.0
	Central	0	0.0	0	0.0	0		0.0
	West	3	4.8	3	4.8	3		4.8
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	1	1.6	—	—	—		—
	High school diploma/GED	8	12.9	—	—	—		—
	Some college or associate’s degree	20	32.3	—	—	—		—
	Bachelor’s degree	15	24.2	—	—	—		—
	Graduate or professional degree	18	29.0	—	—	—		—
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	16	25.8	—	—	—		—
	ADHD Combined	22	35.5	—	—	—		—
	Anxiety	18	29.0	—	—	—		—
	Depression	8	12.9	—	—	—		—
	Other Diagnoses	22	35.5	—	—	—		—
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	—	—	50	80.6	—		—
	Biological father	—	—	8	12.9	—		—
	Non-biological mother	—	—	4	6.5	—		—
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	—	—	—	—	10		16.1
	6–11 months	—	—	—	—	29		46.8
	1–3 years	—	—	—	—	23		37.1
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	—	—	29		46.8
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	—	—	33		53.2
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Weekly	—	—	—	—	4		6.5
	Daily	—	—	—	—	58		93.5
Age in years M (SD)		12.3 (2.6)		41.5 (5.8)		39.9 (10.2)
Days between administrations M (SD)		7.7 (8.6)
Total		62	100.0	62	100.0		62	100.0

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Table F.6. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Conners 4 & Conners 3 Validity Study

Demographic		Parent		Teacher		Self-Report
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	47	55.3	33	56.9	43	53.1
	Female	38	44.7	25	43.1	37	45.7
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	1.2
U.S. Race/ Ethnicity	Hispanic	5	5.9	5	8.6	4	4.9
	Asian	3	3.5	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	7	8.2	6	10.3	11	13.6
	White	59	69.4	38	65.5	38	46.9
	Other	5	5.9	4	6.9	2	2.5
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	6	7.1	5	8.6	13	16.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	13	16.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	28	32.9	13	22.4	23	28.4
	Midwest	6	7.1	12	20.7	16	19.8
	South	32	37.6	21	36.2	13	16.0
	West	13	15.3	7	12.1	3	3.7
Canadian Region	Central	0	0.0	0	0.0	21	25.9
	East	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	West	6	7.1	5	8.6	5	6.2
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	17	20.0	7	12.1	10	12.3
	ADHD Combined	29	34.1	13	22.4	20	24.7
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	6	7.1	8	13.8	4	4.9
	Anxiety	10	11.8	3	5.2	4	4.9
	Depression	1	1.2	1	1.7	0	0.0
	Other Diagnoses	7	8.2	2	3.4	5	6.2
	No Diagnosis	32	37.6	30	51.7	44	54.3
Age in years M (SD)		11.6 (3.4)		10.7 (3.1)		13.0 (3.0)
Days between administrations M (SD)		2.1 (5.8)		0.8 (1.4)		2.8 (5.1)
Total		85	100.0	58	100.0	81	100.0

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Table F.7. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Conners 4 & Conners 3 Validity Study

Rater Demographic		Parent		Teacher
Rater Demographic		N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	17	20.0	15	25.9
Gender	Female	68	80.0	43	74.1
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	5	5.9	5	8.6
	Asian	2	2.4	0	0.0
	Black	7	8.2	6	10.3
	White	65	76.5	42	72.4
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	6	7.1	5	8.6
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	4	4.7	—	—
	High school diploma/GED	11	12.9	—	—
	Some college or associate’s degree	27	31.8	—	—
	Bachelor’s degree	21	24.7	—	—
	Graduate or professional degree	22	25.9	—	—
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	61	71.8	—	—
	Biological father	14	16.5	—	—
	Non-biological mother	6	7.1	—	—
	Non-biological father	2	2.4	—	—
	Other relative	2	2.4	—	—
Length of Relationship	6–11 months	—	—	17	29.3
	1–3 years	—	—	18	31.0
	More than 3 years	—	—	23	39.7
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	30	51.7
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	28	48.3
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Weekly	—	—	8	13.8
	Daily	—	—	50	86.2
Age in years M (SD)		42.6 (9.4)		38.8 (10.4)
Total		85	100.0	58	100.0

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Table F.8. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Conners 4 & BASC-3 Validity Study

Demographic		Parent		Teacher		Self-Report
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	32	45.1	68	56.7	33	42.9
Gender	Female	39	54.9	52	43.3	44	57.1
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	5	7.0	10	8.3	8	10.4
	Asian	2	2.8	3	2.5	0	0.0
	Black	5	7.0	28	23.3	8	10.4
	White	47	66.2	52	43.3	52	67.5
	Other	2	2.8	2	1.7	2	2.6
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	9	12.7	7	5.8	7	9.1
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	1	1.4	18	15.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	12	16.9	37	30.8	13	16.9
	Midwest	15	21.1	10	8.3	14	18.2
	South	31	43.7	45	37.5	40	51.9
	West	3	4.2	3	2.5	3	3.9
Canadian Region	Central	9	12.7	25	20.8	7	9.1
	East	1	1.4	0	0.0	0	0.0
	West	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	7	9.9	11	9.2	5	6.5
	ADHD Combined	5	7.0	19	15.8	6	7.8
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	1	1.4	0	0.0	2	2.6
	Anxiety	5	7.0	10	8.3	1	1.3
	Depression	0	0.0	1	0.8	0	0.0
	Other Diagnoses	11	15.5	37	30.8	9	11.7
	No Diagnosis	49	69.0	67	55.8	59	76.6
Age in years M (SD)		11.1 (3.2)		10.3 (3.4)		12.7 (2.9)
Days between administration M (SD)		2.5 (3.3)		4.0 (3.3)		1.6 (2.6)
Total		71	100.0	120	100.0	77	100.0

Note. Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Separation Anxiety, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Learning Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because youth with co-occurring diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.

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Table F.9. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Conners 4 & BASC-3 Validity Study

Rater Demographic		Parent		Teacher
Rater Demographic		N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	20	28.2	8	6.7
Gender	Female	51	71.8	112	93.3
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	3	4.2	7	5.8
	Asian	1	1.4	0	0.0
	Black	4	5.6	3	2.5
	White	50	70.4	84	70.0
	Other	3	4.2	1	0.8
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	9	12.7	6	5.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	1	1.4	19	15.8
Education Level	No high school diploma	0	0.0	—	—
	High school diploma/GED	3	4.2	—	—
	Some college or associate’s degree	19	26.8	—	—
	Bachelor’s degree	23	32.4	—	—
	Graduate or professional degree	26	36.6	—	—
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	49	69.0	—	—
	Biological father	18	25.4	—	—
	Non-biological mother	3	4.2	—	—
	Non-biological father	1	1.4	—	—
Length of Relationship	6–11 months	—	—	59	49.2
	1–3 years	—	—	22	18.3
	More than 3 years	—	—	39	32.5
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	78	65.0
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	42	35.0
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	—	—	0	0.0
	Weekly	—	—	10	8.3
	Daily	—	—	110	91.7
Age in years M (SD)		42.6 (6.6)		39.7 (9.9)
Total		71	100.0	120	100.0

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Table F.10. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Conners 4 & CEFI Validity Study

Demographic		Parent		Teacher		Self-Report
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	80	58.4	88	72.1	28	51.9
Gender	Female	57	41.6	34	27.9	26	48.1
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	11	8.0	9	7.4	4	7.4
	Asian	3	2.2	3	2.5	0	0.0
	Black	7	5.1	9	7.4	3	5.6
	White	96	70.1	98	80.3	38	70.4
	Other	10	7.3	3	2.5	5	9.3
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	9	6.6	0	0.0	4	7.4
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	1	0.7	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	14	10.2	72	59.0	5	9.3
	Midwest	40	29.2	20	16.4	17	31.5
	South	46	33.6	16	13.1	20	37.0
	West	27	19.7	14	11.5	8	14.8
Canadian Region	Central	2	1.5	0	0.0	3	5.6
	East	8	5.8	0	0.0	0	0.0
	West	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	1.9
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	17	12.4	15	12.3	5	9.3
	ADHD Combined	25	18.2	24	19.7	9	16.7
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	9	6.6	10	8.2	1	1.9
	Anxiety	20	14.6	22	18.0	6	11.1
	Depression	13	9.5	11	9.0	11	20.4
	Other Diagnoses	39	28.5	40	32.8	10	18.5
	No Diagnosis	44	32.1	34	27.9	21	38.9
Age in years M (SD)		11.8 (3.2)		13.4 (3.3)		14.5 (1.8)
Days between administrations M (SD)		0.7 (3.1)		1.2 (5.8)		4.6 (7.9)
Total		137	100.0	122	100.0	54	100.0

Note. Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Separation Anxiety, Specific Phobia, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Depression includes Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Learning Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because youth with co-occurring diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.

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Table F.11. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Conners 4 & CEFI Validity Study

Rater Demographic		Parent		Teacher
Rater Demographic		N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	27	19.7	29	23.8
Gender	Female	110	80.3	93	76.2
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	8	5.8	2	1.6
	Asian	5	3.6	0	0.0
	Black	9	6.6	1	0.8
	White	103	75.2	116	95.1
	Other	2	1.5	3	2.5
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	9	6.6	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	1	0.7	0	0.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	4	2.9	—	—
	High school diploma/GED	23	16.8	—	—
	Some college or associate’s degree	35	25.5	—	—
	Bachelor’s degree	44	32.1	—	—
	Graduate or professional degree	31	22.6	—	—
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	103	75.2	—	—
	Biological father	27	19.7	—	—
	Non-biological mother	5	3.6	—	—
	Non-biological father	1	0.7	—	—
	Other relative	1	0.7	—	—
Length of Relationship	6–11 months	—	—	55	45.1
	1–3 years	—	—	17	13.9
	More than 3 years	—	—	50	41.0
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	65	53.3
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	57	46.7
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	—	—	1	0.8
	Weekly	—	—	21	17.2
	Daily	—	—	100	82.0
Age in years M (SD)		41.9 (7.5)		43.2 (10.8)
Total		137	100.0	122	100.0

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Table F.12. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Conners 4 Parent General Population and ADHD Samples

Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive		ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive		ADHD Combined
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	204	58.6	44	44.9	40	70.2	120	62.2
Gender	Female	144	41.4	54	55.1	17	29.8	73	37.8
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	33	9.5	6	6.1	8	14.0	19	9.8
	Asian	4	1.1	0	0.0	0	0.0	4	2.1
	Black	7	2.0	2	2.0	3	5.3	2	1.0
	White	271	77.9	82	83.7	44	77.2	145	75.1
	Other	10	2.9	2	2.0	2	3.5	6	3.1
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	23	6.6	6	6.1	0	0.0	17	8.8
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	59	17.0	14	14.3	10	17.5	31	16.1
	Midwest	70	20.1	31	31.6	28	49.1	53	27.5
	South	118	33.9	35	35.7	14	24.6	69	35.8
	West	78	22.4	12	12.2	5	8.8	23	11.9
Canadian Region	East	3	0.9	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Central	13	3.7	4	4.1	0	0.0	9	4.7
	West	7	2.0	2	2.0	0	0.0	8	4.1
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	7	2.0	0	0.0	3	5.3	4	2.1
	High school diploma/GED	41	11.8	9	9.2	8	14.0	24	12.4
	Some college or associate’s degree	105	30.2	33	33.7	17	29.8	55	28.5
	Bachelor’s degree	110	31.6	34	34.7	13	22.8	63	32.6
	Graduate or professional degree	85	24.4	22	22.4	16	28.1	47	24.4
Co-occurring Diagnoses	Depression	0	0.0	7	7.1	1	1.8	11	5.7
	Anxiety	0	0.0	18	18.4	9	15.8	47	24.4
	Disruptive Disorder	0	0.0	7	7.1	7	12.3	24	12.4
	Other Diagnoses	0	0.0	17	17.3	10	17.5	66	34.2
	No co-occurring diagnoses	0	0.0	60	61.2	35	61.4	90	46.6
Age in years M (SD)		11.4 (3.1)		12.4 (2.9)		10.6 (3.1)		11.1 (3.1)
Total		348	100.0	98	100.0	57	100.0	193	100.0

Note. Depression includes Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Separation Anxiety, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Disruptive Disorders include Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Intermittent Explosive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Learning Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because youth with co-occurring diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.

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Table F.13. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Conners 4 Parent General Population and ADHD Samples

Rater Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive		ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive		ADHD Combined
Rater Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	127	36.5	9	9.2	6	10.5	12	6.2
Gender	Female	221	63.5	89	90.8	51	89.5	181	93.8
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	32	9.2	5	5.1	6	10.5	17	8.8
	Asian	7	2.0	1	1.0	0	0.0	2	1.0
	Black	9	2.6	3	3.1	5	8.8	3	1.6
	White	271	77.9	83	84.7	46	80.7	150	77.7
	Other	6	1.7	0	0.0	0	0.0	4	2.1
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	21	6.0	6	6.1	0	0.0	16	8.3
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	2	0.6	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.5
Education Level	No high school diploma	7	2.0	0	0.0	3	5.3	4	2.1
	High school diploma/GED	41	11.8	9	9.2	8	14.0	24	12.4
	Some college or associate’s degree	105	30.2	33	33.7	17	29.8	55	28.5
	Bachelor’s degree	110	31.6	34	34.7	13	22.8	63	32.6
	Graduate or professional degree	85	24.4	22	22.4	16	28.1	47	24.4
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	206	59.2	86	87.8	44	77.2	168	87.0
	Biological father	120	34.5	6	6.1	5	8.8	12	6.2
	Non-biological mother	9	2.6	5	5.1	5	8.8	10	5.2
	Non-biological father	6	1.7	1	1.0	1	1.8	1	0.5
	Other relative	7	2.0	0	0.0	2	3.5	2	1.0
Age in years M (SD)		42.4 (8.4)		43.0 (6.2)		40.4 (6.5)		41.2 (6.8)
Total		348	100.0	98	100.0	57	100.0	193	100.0

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Table F.14. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Conners 4 Teacher General Population and ADHD Samples

Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive		ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive		ADHD Combined
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	218	70.3	52	56.5	51	82.3	115	73.7
Gender	Female	92	29.7	40	43.5	11	17.7	41	26.3
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	18	5.8	5	5.4	4	6.5	9	5.8
	Asian	1	0.3	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.6
	Black	32	10.3	6	6.5	12	19.4	14	9.0
	White	232	74.8	73	79.3	41	66.1	118	75.6
	Other	12	3.9	2	2.2	3	4.8	7	4.5
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	13	4.2	5	5.4	2	3.2	6	3.8
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	2	0.6	1	1.1	0	0.0	1	0.6
U.S. Region	Northeast	44	14.2	30	32.6	28	45.2	46	29.5
	Midwest	77	24.8	15	16.3	15	24.2	33	21.2
	South	120	38.7	29	31.5	16	25.8	63	40.4
	West	54	17.4	12	13.0	1	1.6	7	4.5
Canadian Region	East	1	0.3	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Central	7	2.3	6	6.5	1	1.6	5	3.2
	West	7	2.3	0	0.0	1	1.6	2	1.3
Co-occurring Diagnoses	Depression	0	0.0	7	7.6	2	3.2	7	4.5
	Anxiety	0	0.0	16	17.4	3	4.8	30	19.2
	Disruptive Disorder	0	0.0	5	5.4	10	16.1	26	16.7
	Other Diagnoses	0	0.0	24	26.1	15	24.2	57	36.5
	No co-occurring diagnoses	0	0.0	50	54.3	40	64.5	61	39.1
Age in years M (SD)		11.8 (3.1)		12.5 (2.9)		11.7 (3.5)		11.4 (2.9)
Total		310	100.0	92	100.0	62	100.0	156	100.0

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Table F.15. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Conners 4 Teacher General Population and ADHD Samples

Rater Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive		ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive		ADHD Combined
Rater Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	92	29.7	18	19.6	10	16.1	29	18.6
Gender	Female	218	70.3	74	80.4	52	83.9	127	81.4
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	12	3.9	2	2.2	0	0.0	8	5.1
	Asian	6	1.9	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.6
	Black	14	4.5	4	4.3	3	4.8	6	3.8
	White	259	83.5	78	84.8	57	91.9	130	83.3
	Other	4	1.3	2	2.2	0	0.0	4	2.6
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	13	4.2	6	6.5	2	3.2	7	4.5
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	2	0.6	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	6–11 months	54	17.4	20	21.7	11	17.7	37	23.7
	1–3 years	138	44.5	31	33.7	25	40.3	66	42.3
	More than 3 years	118	38.1	41	44.6	26	41.9	53	34.0
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	144	46.5	43	46.7	26	41.9	78	50.0
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	166	53.5	49	53.3	36	58.1	78	50.0
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	1	0.3	1	1.1	0	0.0	3	1.9
	Weekly	46	14.8	10	10.9	12	19.4	28	17.9
	Daily	263	84.8	81	88.0	50	80.6	125	80.1
Age in years M (SD)		41.9 (11.6)		41.8 (10.2)		38.7 (10.3)		38.6 (10.3)
Total		310	100.0	92	100.0	62	100.0	156	100.0

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Table F.16. Demographic Characteristics: Conners 4 Self-Report General Population and ADHD Samples

Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive		ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive		ADHD Combined
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	94	59.5	30	51.7	29	83.3	44	57.9
Gender	Female	64	40.5	28	48.3	7	16.7	32	42.1
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	15	9.5	5	8.6	2	8.3	8	10.5
	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	7	4.4	0	0.0	5	8.3	5	6.6
	White	123	77.8	48	82.8	25	75.0	57	75.0
	Other	3	1.9	1	1.7	2	4.2	1	1.3
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	10	6.3	4	6.9	2	4.2	5	6.6
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	24	15.2	7	12.1	9	33.3	11	14.5
	Midwest	40	25.3	13	22.4	12	29.2	19	25.0
	South	57	36.1	28	48.3	12	29.2	36	47.4
	West	27	17.1	6	10.3	1	4.2	5	6.6
Canadian Region	East	3	1.9	1	1.7	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Central	4	2.5	3	5.2	1	0.0	2	2.6
	West	3	1.9	0	0.0	1	4.2	3	3.9
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	4	2.5	1	1.7	2	8.3	1	1.3
	High school diploma/GED	32	20.3	10	17.2	9	25.0	16	21.1
	Some college or associate’s degree	41	25.9	19	32.8	7	25.0	16	21.1
	Bachelor’s degree	43	27.2	15	25.9	9	20.8	23	30.3
	Graduate or professional degree	38	24.1	13	22.4	9	20.8	20	26.3
Co-occurring Diagnoses	Depression	0	0.0	5	8.6	2	8.3	4	5.3
	Anxiety	0	0.0	11	19.0	4	16.7	9	11.8
	Disruptive Disorder	0	0.0	4	6.9	3	12.5	6	7.9
	Other Diagnoses	0	0.0	8	13.8	6	25.0	28	36.8
	No co-occurring diagnoses	0	0.0	36	62.1	12	50.0	41	53.9
Age in years M (SD)		12.5 (2.7)		13.4 (2.51)		11.6 (2.7)		11.9 (2.7)
Total		158	100.0	58	100.0	36	100.0	76	100.0

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Table F.17. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Depression and Matched General Population Groups

Demographic		Parent				Teacher				Self-Report
		General Population		Depression		General Population		Depression		General Population		Depression
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	9	29.0	9	29.0	16	50.0	16	50.0	9	28.1	9	28.1
Gender	Female	22	71.0	22	71.0	16	50.0	16	50.0	23	71.9	23	71.9
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	4	12.9	4	12.9	2	6.2	2	6.2	10	31.3	4	12.5
	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	3.1	1	3.1	2	6.3	1	3.1
	Black	2	6.5	2	6.5	3	9.4	3	9.4	5	15.6	0	0.0
	White	25	80.6	25	80.6	25	78.1	25	78.1	12	37.5	26	81.3
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	3.1	1	3.1	2	6.2	1	3.1
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	3.1	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	7	22.6	3	9.7	2	6.2	2	6.2	5	15.6	5	15.6
	Midwest	5	16.1	17	54.8	10	31.2	10	31.2	5	15.6	16	50.0
	South	14	45.2	10	32.3	14	43.8	14	43.8	13	40.6	10	31.3
	West	5	16.1	1	3.2	6	18.8	6	18.8	8	25.0	1	3.1
Canadian Region	East	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Central	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	3.1	0	0.0
	West	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	0	0.0	0	0.0	—	—	—	—	4	12.5	4	12.5
	High school diploma/GED	6	19.4	6	19.4	—	—	—	—	12	37.5	6	18.8
	Some college or associate’s degree	9	29.0	9	29.0	—	—	—	—	8	25.0	6	18.8
	Bachelor’s degree	7	22.6	7	22.6	—	—	—	—	6	18.8	12	37.5
	Graduate or professional degree	9	29.0	9	29.0	—	—	—	—	2	6.0	4	12.5
Co-occurring Diagnoses	ADHD (All presentations)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Anxiety	0	0.0	15	48.4	0	0.0	8	25.0	0	0.0	10	31.3
	Disruptive Disorder	0	0.0	2	6.5	0	0.0	3	9.4	0	0.0	2	6.3
	Other Diagnoses	0	0.0	6	19.4	0	0.0	5	15.6	0	0.0	1	3.1
	No co-occurring diagnoses	0	0.0	12	38.7	0	0.0	19	59.4	0	0.0	14	51.9
Age in years M (SD)		14.7 (2.0)		14.7 (2.0)		13.9 (2.7)		13.9 (2.7)		13.9 (2.4)		13.9 (2.4)
Total		31	100.0	31	100.0	32	100.0	32	100.0	32	100.0	32	100.0

Note. Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Separation Anxiety, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Disruptive Disorders include Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Intermittent Explosive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Learning Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because youth with co-occurring diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.

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Table F.18. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Depression and Matched General Population Groups

Rater Demographic		Parent				Teacher
		General Population		Depression		General Population		Depression
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	8	25.8	3	9.7	12	37.5	11	34.4
	Female	23	74.2	28	90.3	20	62.5	21	65.6
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	4	12.9	3	9.7	1	3.1	31	96.9
	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	3.1	0	0.0
	Black	2	6.5	4	12.9	3	9.4	0	0.0
	White	25	80.6	24	77.4	27	84.4	1	3.1
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	0	0.0	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
	High school diploma/GED	6	19.4	6	19.4	—	—	—	—
	Some college or associate’s degree	9	29.0	9	29.0	—	—	—	—
	Bachelor’s degree	7	22.6	7	22.6	—	—	—	—
	Graduate or professional degree	9	29.0	9	29.0	—	—	—	—
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	18	58.1	27	87.1	—	—	—	—
	Biological father	7	22.6	3	9.7	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological mother	2	6.5	1	3.2	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological father	1	3.2	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
	Other relative	3	9.7	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	—	—	—	—	0	0.0	0	0.0
	6–11 months	—	—	—	—	4	12.5	7	21.9
	1–3 years	—	—	—	—	12	37.5	11	34.4
	More than 3 years	—	—	—	—	16	50.0	14	43.8
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	—	—	0	0.0	16	50.0
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	—	—	14	43.8	16	50.0
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	—	—	—	—	18	56.2	0	0.0
	Weekly	—	—	—	—	5	15.6	5	15.6
	Daily	—	—	—	—	27	84.4	27	84.4
Age in years M (SD)		48.9 (8.5)		45.4 (6.8)		43.3 (13.6)		37.5 (7.6)
Total		31	100.0	31	100.0	32	100.0	32	100.0

Click to expand

Table F.19. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Matched General Population Samples

Demographic		Parent				Teacher				Self-Report
		General Population		Generalized Anxiety Disorder		General Population		Generalized Anxiety Disorder		General Population		Generalized Anxiety Disorder
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	29	36.7	29	36.7	23	52.3	23	52.3	12	32.4	12	32.4
Gender	Female	50	63.3	50	63.3	21	47.7	21	47.7	25	67.6	25	67.6
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	4	5.1	4	5.1	7	15.9	7	15.9	4	10.8	4	10.8
	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	2	2.5	2	2.5	1	2.3	1	2.3	1	2.7	1	2.7
	White	70	88.6	70	88.6	34	77.3	34	77.3	32	86.5	32	86.5
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	2.3	1	2.3	0	0.0	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	3	3.8	3	3.8	1	2.3	1	2.3	0	0.0	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	9	11.4	15	19.0	4	9.1	22	50.0	10	27.0	6	16.2
	Midwest	18	22.8	32	40.5	9	20.5	8	18.2	9	24.3	19	51.4
	South	33	41.8	26	32.9	19	43.2	12	27.3	11	29.7	9	24.3
	West	16	20.3	3	3.8	11	25.0	1	2.3	7	18.9	3	8.1
Canadian Region	East	2	2.5	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Central	1	1.3	2	2.5	0	0.0	1	2.3	0	0.0	0	0.0
	West	0	0.0	1	1.3	1	2.3	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	1	1.3	1	1.3	—	—	—	—	2	5.4	2	5.4
	High school diploma/GED	11	13.9	11	13.9	—	—	—	—	5	13.5	5	13.5
	Some college or associate’s degree	20	25.3	20	25.3	—	—	—	—	8	21.6	8	21.6
	Bachelor’s degree	22	27.8	22	27.8	—	—	—	—	13	35.1	13	35.1
	Graduate or professional degree	25	31.6	25	31.6	—	—	—	—	9	24.3	9	24.3
Co-occurring Diagnoses	ADHD (All Presentations)	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Depression	0	0.0	14	17.7	0	0.0	6	13.6	0	0.0	8	21.6
	Disruptive Disorder	0	0.0	2	2.5	0	0.0	2	4.5	0	0.0	1	2.7
	Other Diagnoses	0	0.0	23	29.1	0	0.0	11	25.0	0	0.0	12	32.4
	No co-occurring diagnoses	0	0.0	47	59.5	0	0.0	30	68.2	0	0.0	24	64.9
Age in years M (SD)		12.7 (3.3)		12.7 (3.3)		13.1 (3.7)		13.1 (3.7)		13.6 (3.2)		13.6 (3.19)
Total		79	100.0	79	100.0	44	100.0	44	100.0	37	100.0	37	100.0

Note. Depression includes Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Disruptive Disorders include Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Intermittent Explosive Disorder. Other Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Learning Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because youth with co-occurring diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.

Click to expand

Table F.20. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Matched General Population Samples

Rater Demographic		Parent				Teacher
		General Population		Generalized Anxiety Disorder		General Population		Generalized Anxiety Disorder
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	29	36.7	9	11.4	12	27.3	8	18.2
	Female	50	63.3	69	87.3	32	72.7	36	81.8
	Other	0	0.0	1	1.3	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	6	7.6	5	6.3	2	4.5	2	4.5
	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	4.5	3	6.8
	Black	2	2.5	2	2.5	1	2.3	1	2.3
	White	68	86.1	69	87.3	36	81.8	36	81.8
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	4.5	1	2.3
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	3	3.8	3	3.8	1	2.3	1	2.3
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0			0	0.0	0	0.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	1	1.3	1	1.3	—	—	—	—
	High school diploma/GED	11	13.9	11	13.9	—	—	—	—
	Some college or associate’s degree	20	25.3	20	25.3	—	—	—	—
	Bachelor’s degree	22	27.8	22	27.8	—	—	—	—
	Graduate or professional degree	25	31.6	25	31.6	—	—	—	—
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	46	58.2	71	89.9	—	—	—	—
	Biological father	28	35.4	8	10.1	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological mother	3	3.8	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological father	1	1.3	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
	Other relative	1	1.3	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	—	—	—	—	0	0.0	0	0.0
	6–11 months	—	—	—	—	8	18.2	7	15.9
	1–3 years	—	—	—	—	18	40.9	17	38.6
	More than 3 years	—	—	—	—	18	40.9	20	45.5
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	—	—	20	45.5	20	45.5
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	—	—	24	54.5	24	54.5
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	—	—	—	—	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Weekly	—	—	—	—	6	13.6	9	20.5
	Daily	—	—	—	—	38	86.4	35	79.5
Age in years M (SD)		42.6 (7.6)		43.1 (6.1)		42.2 (10.7)		38.4 (9.7)
Total		79	100.0	79	100.0	44	100.0	44	100.0

Click to expand

Table F.21. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Disruptive Disorders and Matched General Population Samples

Demographic		Parent				Teacher				Self-Report
		General Population		Disruptive Disorder		General Population		Disruptive Disorder		General Population		Disruptive Disorder
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	44	75.9	44	75.9	48	78.7	48	78.7	20	74.1	20	74.1
Gender	Female	14	24.1	14	24.1	13	21.3	13	21.3	7	25.9	7	25.9
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	8	13.8	8	13.8	2	3.3	2	3.3	2	7.4	2	7.4
	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	5	8.6	5	8.6	12	19.7	12	19.7	4	14.8	4	14.8
	White	41	70.7	41	70.7	44	72.1	44	72.1	20	74.1	20	74.1
	Other	2	3.4	2	3.4	2	3.3	2	3.3	1	3.7	1	3.7
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	2	3.4	2	3.4	1	1.6	1	1.6	0	0.0	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	11	19.0	6	10.3	7	11.5	18	29.5	8	29.6	3	11.1
	Midwest	15	25.9	19	32.8	15	24.6	16	26.2	5	18.5	10	37.0
	South	21	36.2	26	44.8	31	50.8	24	39.3	7	25.9	10	37.0
	West	9	15.5	5	8.6	7	11.5	2	3.3	7	25.9	4	14.8
Canadian Region	East	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	1.6	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Central	1	1.7	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	1.6	0	0.0	0	0.0
	West	1	1.7	2	3.4	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	1	1.7	1	1.7	—	—	—	—	2	7.4	2	7.4
	High school diploma/GED	15	25.9	15	25.9	—	—	—	—	10	37.0	10	37.0
	Some college or associate’s degree	17	29.3	17	29.3	—	—	—	—	6	22.2	6	22.2
	Bachelor’s degree	16	27.6	16	27.6	—	—	—	—	6	22.2	6	22.2
	Graduate or professional degree	9	15.5	9	15.5	—	—	—	—	3	11.1	3	11.1
Co-occurring Diagnoses	ADHD (All presentations)	0	0.0	43	74.1	0	0.0	40	65.6	0	0.0	14	51.9
	Depression	0	0.0	4	6.9	0	0.0	5	8.2	0	0.0	3	11.1
	Anxiety	0	0.0	12	20.7	0	0.0	7	11.5	0	0.0	3	11.1
	Other Diagnoses	0	0.0	16	27.6	0	0.0	12	19.7	0	0.0	4	14.8
	No co-occurring diagnoses	0	0.0	29	50.0	0	0.0	40	65.6	0	0.0	16	59.3
Age in years M (SD)		11.3 (3.4)		11.3 (3.4)		11.1 (3.2)		11.1 (3.2)		12.3 (2.4)		12.3 (2.4)
Total		58	100.0	58	100.0	61	100.0	61	100.0	27	100.0	27	100.0

Note. Depression includes Major Depressive Disorder, Major Depressive Episode, and Persistent Depressive Disorder. Anxiety includes Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Separation Anxiety, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Other Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Learning Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because youth with co-occurring diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.

Click to expand

Table F.22. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Disruptive Disorders and Matched General Population Samples

Rater Demographic		Parent				Teacher
		General Population		Disruptive Disorder		General Population		Disruptive Disorder
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	19	32.8	4	6.9	14	23.0	11	18.0
	Female	39	67.2	54	93.1	47	77.0	50	82.0
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	7	12.1	3	5.2	2	3.3	1	1.6
	Asian	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	1.6	0	0.0
	Black	6	10.3	7	12.1	6	9.8	4	6.6
	White	41	70.7	46	79.3	51	83.6	55	90.2
	Other	1	1.7	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	1	1.7	2	3.4	1	1.6	1	1.6
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	1	1.7	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	1	1.7	1	1.7	—	—	—	—
	High school diploma/GED	15	25.9	15	25.9	—	—	—	—
	Some college or associate’s degree	17	29.3	17	29.3	—	—	—	—
	Bachelor’s degree	16	27.6	16	27.6	—	—	—	—
	Graduate or professional degree	9	15.5	9	15.5	—	—	—	—
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	35	60.3	42	72.4	—	—	—	—
	Biological father	17	29.3	4	6.9	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological mother	2	3.4	7	12.1	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological father	2	3.4	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
	Other relative	2	3.4	5	8.6	—	—	—	—
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	—	—	—	—	0	0.0	0	0.0
	6–11 months	—	—	—	—	11	18.0	14	23.0
	1–3 years	—	—	—	—	25	41.0	20	32.8
	More than 3 years	—	—	—	—	25	41.0	27	44.3
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	—	—	27	44.3	23	37.7
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	—	—	34	55.7	38	62.3
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	—	—	—	—	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Weekly	—	—	—	—	9	14.8	11	18.0
	Daily	—	—	—	—	52	85.2	50	82.0
Age in years M (SD)		41.3 (8.2)		43.1 (8.6)		43.5 (11.1)		39.5 (11.7)
Total		58	100.0	58	100.0	61	100.0	61	100.0

Click to expand

Table F.23. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: ADHD and Depression/Anxiety Groups

Demographic		Parent				Teacher				Self-Report
		ADHD		Depression/ Anxiety		ADHD		Depression/ Anxiety		ADHD		Depression/ Anxiety
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	298	68.0	40	37.4	192	72.7	42	55.3	118	63.1	24	31.6
	Female	140	32.0	66	61.7	72	27.3	34	44.7	69	36.9	49	64.5
	Other	0	0.0	1	0.9	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	3	3.9
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	36	8.2	9	8.4	17	6.4	9	11.8	15	8.0	9	11.8
	Asian	3	0.7	1	0.9	0	0.0	1	1.3	1	0.5	1	1.3
	Black	12	2.7	3	2.8	36	13.6	4	5.3	15	8.0	1	1.3
	White	300	68.5	89	83.2	181	68.6	59	77.6	129	69.0	63	82.9
	Other	26	5.9	1	0.9	14	5.3	2	2.6	13	7.0	2	2.6
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	56	12.8	4	3.7	13	4.9	1	1.3	14	7.5	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	5	1.1	0	0.0	3	1.1	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	65	14.8	18	16.8	97	36.7	36	47.4	35	18.7	14	18.4
	Midwest	107	24.4	43	40.2	51	19.3	12	15.8	45	24.1	33	43.4
	South	153	34.9	38	35.5	83	31.4	24	31.6	80	42.8	25	32.9
	West	52	11.9	4	3.7	17	6.4	3	3.9	13	7.0	4	5.3
Canadian Region	East	8	1.8	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.5	0	0.0
	Central	34	7.8	3	2.8	12	4.5	1	1.3	8	4.3	0	0.0
	West	19	4.3	1	0.9	4	1.5	0	0.0	5	2.7	0	0.0
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	7	1.6	1	0.9	—	—	—	—	5	2.7	6	7.9
	High school diploma/GED	40	9.1	15	14.0	—	—	—	—	37	19.8	13	17.1
	Some college or associate’s degree	105	24.0	27	25.2	—	—	—	—	35	18.7	14	18.4
	Bachelor’s degree	144	32.9	33	30.8	—	—	—	—	54	28.9	27	35.5
	Graduate or professional degree	142	32.4	31	29.0	—	—	—	—	56	29.9	16	21.1
Co-occurring Diagnoses	ADHD (All Presentations)	438	100.0	0	0.0	264	100.0	0	0.0	187	0.0	0	0.0
	Depression	0	0.0	37	34.6	0	0.0	32	42.1	0	0.0	37	48.7
	Anxiety	0	0.0	86	80.4	0	0.0	52	68.4	0	0.0	53	69.7
	Disruptive Disorder	43	9.8	5	4.7	34	12.9	4	5.3	17	9.1	4	5.3
	Other Diagnoses	117	26.7	23	21.5	83	31.4	17	22.4	48	25.7	11	14.5
	No co-occurring diagnoses	321	73.3	77	72.0	181	68.6	54	71.1	139	74.3	46	60.5
Age in years M (SD)		11.3 (3.1)		13.2 (3.2)		11.6 (3.2)		13.1 (3.3		12.5 (2.8)		13.7 (2.8)
Total		438	100.0	107	100.0	264	100.0	76	100.0	187	100.0	76	100.0

Click to expand

Table F.24. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: ADHD and Depression/Anxiety Groups

Rater Demographic		Parent				Teacher
		ADHD		Depression/Anxiety		ADHD		Depression/Anxiety
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	34	7.8	12	11.2	41	15.5	17	22.4
	Female	404	92.2	94	87.9	223	84.5	59	77.6
	Other	0	0.0	1	0.9	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	30	6.8	8	7.5	8	3.0	2	2.6
	Asian	6	1.4	1	0.9	0	0.0	3	3.9
	Black	14	3.2	5	4.7	12	4.5	2	2.6
	White	323	73.7	89	83.2	222	84.1	67	88.2
	Other	4	0.9	0	0.0	6	2.3	1	1.3
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	55	12.6	4	3.7	16	6.1	1	1.3
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	6	1.4	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	7	1.6	1	0.9	—	—	—	—
	High school diploma/GED	40	9.1	15	14.2	—	—	—	—
	Some college or associate’s degree	105	24.0	27	25.5	—	—	—	—
	Bachelor’s degree	144	32.9	32	30.2	—	—	—	—
	Graduate or professional degree	142	32.4	31	29.2	—	—	—	—
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	366	83.6	96	89.7	—	—	—	—
	Biological father	30	6.8	10	9.3	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological mother	29	6.6	1	0.9	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological father	5	1.1	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
	Other relative	8	1.8	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	—	—	—	—	0	0.0	0	0.0
	6–11 months	—	—	—	—	57	21.6	15	19.7
	1–3 years	—	—	—	—	110	41.7	27	35.5
	More than 3 years	—	—	—	—	97	36.7	34	44.7
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	—	—	123	46.6	37	48.7
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	—	—	141	53.4	39	51.3
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	—	—	—	—	3	1.1	0	0.0
	Weekly	—	—	—	—	40	15.2	13	17.1
	Daily	—	—	—	—	221	83.7	63	82.9
Age in years M (SD)		41.9 (6.7)		43.6 (6.3)		39.1 (10.7)		38.0 (8.9)
Total		438	100.0	107	100.0	264	100.0	76	100.0

Click to expand

Table F.25. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Conners 4 Parent ADHD and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy

Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive or Combined		General Population		ADHD Hyperactive/ Impulsive or Combined		General Population		ADHD All Presentations
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	180	57.7	180	57.7	179	64.4	179	64.4	207	58.5	207	58.5
Gender	Female	132	42.3	132	42.3	99	35.6	99	35.6	147	41.5	147	41.5
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	27	8.7	27	8.7	28	10.1	28	10.1	34	9.6	34	9.6
	Asian	4	1.3	4	1.3	4	1.4	4	1.4	4	1.1	4	1.1
	Black	5	1.6	5	1.6	7	2.5	7	2.5	8	2.3	8	2.3
	White	245	78.5	245	78.5	212	76.3	212	76.3	274	77.4	274	77.4
	Other	8	2.6	8	2.6	9	3.2	9	3.2	11	3.1	11	3.1
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	23	7.4	23	7.4	18	6.5	18	6.5	23	6.5	23	6.5
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	55	17.6	46	14.7	57	20.5	47	16.9	63	17.8	53	15.0
	Midwest	75	24.0	85	27.2	53	19.1	82	29.5	81	22.9	103	29.1
	South	96	30.8	119	38.1	94	33.8	98	35.3	114	32.2	135	38.1
	West	63	20.2	39	12.5	56	20.1	33	11.9	73	20.6	40	11.3
Canadian Region	East	3	1.0	0	0.0	1	0.4	1	0.4	3	0.8	0	0.0
	Central	13	4.2	13	4.2	11	4.0	10	3.6	13	3.7	14	4.0
	West	7	2.2	10	3.2	6	2.2	7	2.5	7	2.0	9	2.5
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	4	1.3	4	1.3	7	2.5	7	2.5	7	2.0	7	2.0
	High school diploma/GED	34	10.9	34	10.9	32	11.5	32	11.5	42	11.9	42	11.9
	Some college or associate’s degree	95	30.4	95	30.4	77	27.7	77	27.7	106	29.9	106	29.9
	Bachelor’s degree	104	33.3	104	33.3	89	32.0	89	32.0	114	32.2	114	32.2
	Graduate or professional degree	75	24.0	75	24.0	73	26.3	73	26.3	85	24.0	85	24.0
Co-occurring Diagnoses	Depression	0	0.0	17	5.4	0	0.0	13	4.7	0	0.0	15	4.2
	Generalized Anxiety Disorder	0	0.0	58	18.6	0	0.0	57	20.5	0	0.0	67	18.9
	Oppositional Defiant Disorder	0	0.0	29	9.3	0	0.0	27	9.7	0	0.0	36	10.2
	Other Diagnoses	0	0.0	84	26.9	0	0.0	79	28.4	0	0.0	93	26.3
Age in years M (SD)		11.6 (3.2)		11.6 (3.1)		11.1 (3.1)		11.1 (3.1)		11.5 (3.2)		11.4 (3.1)
Total		312	100.0	312	100.0	278	100.0	278	100.0	354	100.0	354	100.0

Note. Other Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Learning Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because youth with co-occurring diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.

Click to expand

Table F.26. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Conners 4 Parent ADHD and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy

Rater Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive or Combined		General Population		ADHD Hyperactive/ Impulsive or Combined		General Population		ADHD All Presentations
Rater Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	105	33.7	25	8.0	101	36.3	18	6.5	131	37.0	25	7.1
Gender	Female	207	66.3	287	92.0	177	63.7	260	93.5	223	63.0	329	92.9
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	28	9.0	23	7.4	28	10.1	24	8.6	32	9.0	28	7.9
	Asian	243	77.9	251	80.4	211	75.9	223	80.2	275	77.7	285	80.5
	Black	7	2.2	7	2.2	9	3.2	8	2.9	10	2.8	11	3.1
	White	6	1.9	3	1.0	6	2.2	2	0.7	8	2.3	3	0.8
	Other	5	1.6	5	1.6	6	2.2	3	1.1	6	1.7	4	1.1
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	21	6.7	22	7.1	17	6.1	17	6.1	21	5.9	22	6.2
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	2	0.6	1	0.3	1	0.4	1	0.4	2	0.6	1	0.3
Education Level	No high school diploma	4	1.3	4	1.3	7	2.5	7	2.5	7	2.0	7	2.0
	High school diploma/GED	34	10.9	34	10.9	32	11.5	32	11.5	42	11.9	42	11.9
	Some college or associate’s degree	95	30.4	95	30.4	77	27.7	77	27.7	106	29.9	106	29.9
	Bachelor’s degree	104	33.3	104	33.3	89	32.0	89	32.0	114	32.2	114	32.2
	Graduate or professional degree	75	24.0	75	24.0	73	26.3	73	26.3	85	24.0	85	24.0
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	196	62.8	270	86.5	166	59.7	239	86.0	203	57.3	303	85.6
	Biological father	97	31.1	21	6.7	96	34.5	18	6.5	124	35.0	22	6.2
	Non-biological mother	3	1.0	16	5.1	7	2.5	17	6.1	11	3.1	23	6.5
	Non-biological father	6	1.9	3	1.0	5	1.8	1	0.4	6	1.7	2	0.6
	Other relative	10	3.2	2	0.6	4	1.4	3	1.1	10	2.8	4	1.1
Age in years M (SD)		42.4 (8.8)		42.0 (6.9)		41.9 (8.6)		41.4 (6.7)		42.9 (8.7)		41.8 (7.1)
Total		312	100.0	312	100.0	278	100.0	278	100.0	354	100.0	354	100.0

Click to expand

Table F.27. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Conners 4 Teacher ADHD and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy

Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive or Combined		General Population		ADHD Hyperactive/ Impulsive or Combined		General Population		ADHD All Presentations
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	169	67.3	169	67.3	169	75.8	169	75.8	221	70.2	221	70.2
Gender	Female	82	32.7	82	32.7	54	24.2	54	24.2	94	29.8	94	29.8
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	15	6.0	15	6.0	13	5.8	13	5.8	19	6.0	19	6.0
	Asian	1	0.4	1	0.4	1	0.4	1	0.4	1	0.3	1	0.3
	Black	21	8.4	21	8.4	27	12.1	27	12.1	33	10.5	33	10.5
	White	191	76.1	191	76.1	160	71.7	160	71.7	233	74.0	233	74.0
	Other	10	4.0	10	4.0	13	5.8	13	5.8	14	4.4	14	4.4
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	11	4.4	11	4.4	8	3.6	8	3.6	13	4.1	13	4.1
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	2	0.8	2	0.8	1	0.4	1	0.4	2	0.6	2	0.6
U.S. Region	Northeast	33	13.1	79	31.5	34	15.2	77	34.5	39	12.4	108	34.3
	Midwest	59	23.5	49	19.5	54	24.2	49	22.0	74	23.5	64	20.3
	South	97	38.6	91	36.3	78	35.0	80	35.9	128	40.6	108	34.3
	West	49	19.5	19	7.6	48	21.5	8	3.6	59	18.7	20	6.3
Canadian Region	East	2	0.8	0	0.0	2	0.9	0	0.0	2	0.6	0	0.0
	Central	6	2.4	11	4.4	3	1.3	6	2.7	9	2.9	12	3.8
	West	5	2.0	2	0.8	4	1.8	3	1.3	4	1.3	3	1.0
Co-occurring Diagnoses	Depression	0	0.0	14	5.6	0	0.0	9	4.0	0	0.0	16	5.1
	Generalized Anxiety Disorder	0	0.0	43	17.1	0	0.0	30	13.5	0	0.0	46	14.6
	Oppositional Defiant Disorder	0	0.0	29	11.6	0	0.0	34	15.2	0	0.0	39	12.4
	Other Diagnoses	0	0.0	25	10.0	0	0.0	23	10.3	0	0.0	30	9.5
Age in years M (SD)		11.8 (3.1)		11.8 (3.0)		11.5 (3.1)		11.5 (3.1)		11.8 (3.1)		11.8 (3.1)
Total		251	100.0	251	100.0	223	100.0	223	100.0	315	100.0	315	100.0

Note. Other Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Learning Disorders.

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Table F.28. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Conners 4 Teacher ADHD and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy

Rater Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive or Combined		General Population		ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive or Combined		General Population		ADHD All Presentations
Rater Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	77	30.7	47	18.7	56	25.1	40	17.9	95	30.2	58	18.4
Gender	Female	174	69.3	204	81.3	167	74.9	183	82.1	220	69.8	257	81.6
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	11	4.4	10	4.0	13	5.8	8	3.6	18	5.7	10	3.2
	Asian	11	4.4	1	0.4	9	4.0	1	0.4	7	2.2	1	0.3
	Black	9	3.6	11	4.4	9	4.0	10	4.5	11	3.5	14	4.4
	White	205	81.7	210	83.7	179	80.3	191	85.7	259	82.2	269	85.4
	Other	2	0.8	6	2.4	4	1.8	4	1.8	5	1.6	6	1.9
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	13	5.2	13	5.2	8	3.6	9	4.0	12	3.8	15	4.8
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.4	0	0.0	3	1.0	0	0.0
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	6–11 months	39	15.5	56	22.3	35	15.7	50	22.4	52	16.5	70	22.2
	1–3 years	123	49.0	100	39.8	94	42.2	94	42.2	151	47.9	125	39.7
	More than 3 years	89	35.5	95	37.8	94	42.2	79	35.4	112	35.6	120	38.1
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	117	46.6	123	49.0	93	41.7	105	47.1	149	47.3	149	47.3
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	134	53.4	128	51.0	130	58.3	118	52.9	166	52.7	166	52.7
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	1	0.4	4	1.6	1	0.4	3	1.3	1	0.3	4	1.3
	Weekly	30	12.0	39	15.5	31	13.9	40	17.9	41	13.0	51	16.2
	Daily	220	87.6	208	82.9	191	85.7	180	80.7	273	86.7	260	82.5
Age in years M (SD)		42.4 (11.6)		39.8 (10.5)		42.4 (11.5)		38.9 (10.5)		42.4 (11.3)		39.7 (10.5)
Total		251	100.0	251	100.0	223	100.0	223	100.0	315	100.0	315	100.0

Click to expand

Table F.29. Demographic Characteristics: Conners 4 Self-Report ADHD and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy

Demographic		General Population		ADHD Inattentive or Combined		General Population		ADHD Hyperactive/ Impulsive or Combined		General Population		ADHD All Presentations
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	83	56.5	83	56.5	74	64.9	74	64.9	98	58.7	98	58.7
Gender	Female	64	43.5	64	43.5	40	35.1	40	35.1	69	41.3	69	41.3
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	14	9.5	14	9.5	11	9.6	11	9.6	16	9.6	16	9.6
	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	7	4.8	7	4.8	8	7.0	8	7.0	8	4.8	8	4.8
	White	115	78.2	115	78.2	87	76.3	87	76.3	130	77.8	130	77.8
	Other	2	1.4	2	1.4	2	1.8	2	1.8	3	1.8	3	1.8
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	9	6.1	9	6.1	6	5.3	6	5.3	10	6.0	10	6.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	20	13.6	24	16.3	24	21.1	21	18.4	33	19.8	29	17.4
	Midwest	44	29.9	36	24.5	25	21.9	36	31.6	47	28.1	47	28.1
	South	52	35.4	66	44.9	40	35.1	45	39.5	55	32.9	68	40.7
	West	22	15.0	12	8.2	19	16.7	6	5.3	22	13.2	13	7.8
Canadian Region	East	2	1.4	1	0.7	1	0.9	0	0.0	2	1.2	1	0.6
	Central	4	2.7	5	3.4	3	2.6	2	1.8	4	2.4	5	3.0
	West	3	2.0	3	2.0	2	1.8	4	3.5	4	2.4	4	2.4
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	2	1.4	2	1.4	3	2.6	3	2.6	4	2.4	4	2.4
	High school diploma/GED	29	19.7	29	19.7	24	21.1	24	21.1	34	20.4	34	20.4
	Some college or associate’s degree	35	23.8	35	23.8	23	20.2	23	20.2	42	25.1	42	25.1
	Bachelor’s degree	45	30.6	45	30.6	35	30.7	35	30.7	47	28.1	47	28.1
	Graduate or professional degree	36	24.5	36	24.5	29	25.4	29	25.4	40	24.0	40	24.0
Co-occurring Diagnoses	Depression	0	0.0	9	6.1	0	0.0	6	5.3	0	0.0	11	6.6
	Generalized Anxiety Disorder	0	0.0	20	13.6	0	0.0	13	11.4	0	0.0	21	12.6
	Oppositional Defiant Disorder	0	0.0	12	8.2	0	0.0	11	9.6	0	0.0	15	9.0
	Other Diagnoses	0	0.0	21	14.3	0	0.0	19	16.7	0	0.0	24	14.4
Age in years M (SD)		12.8 (2.8)		12.7 (2.7)		12.1 (2.7)		12.1 (2.7)		12.6 (2.8)		12.6 (2.7)
Total		147	100.0	147	100.0	114	100.0	114	100.0	167	100.0	167	100.0

Note. Other Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Learning Disorders.

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Table F.30. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Depression and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy

Demographic		Parent				Teacher				Self-Report
		General Population		Depression		General Population		Depression		General Population		Depression
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	24	41.4	24	41.4	27	56.2	27	56.2	16	38.1	16	38.1
Gender	Female	34	58.6	34	58.6	21	43.8	21	43.8	26	61.9	26	61.9
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	5	8.6	5	8.6	2	4.2	2	4.2	4	9.5	4	9.5
	Asian	2	3.4	2	3.4	2	4.2	2	4.2	1	2.4	1	2.4
	Black	3	5.2	3	5.2	3	6.2	3	6.2	0	0.0	0	0.0
	White	46	79.3	46	79.3	39	81.2	39	81.2	36	85.7	36	85.7
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	4.2	2	4.2	1	2.4	1	2.4
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	2	3.4	2	3.4	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	7	12.1	5	8.6	7	14.6	19	39.6	12	28.6	6	14.3
	Midwest	17	29.3	30	51.7	14	29.2	10	20.8	8	19.0	22	52.4
	South	18	31.0	19	32.8	19	39.6	18	37.5	10	23.8	13	31.0
	West	14	24.1	2	3.4	8	16.7	1	2.1	12	28.6	1	2.4
Canadian Region	East	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Central	1	1.7	1	1.7	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	West	1	1.7	1	1.7	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	0	0.0	0	0.0	—	—	—	—	3	7.1	3	7.1
	High school diploma/GED	8	13.8	8	13.8	—	—	—	—	8	19.0	8	19.0
	Some college or associate’s degree	16	27.6	16	27.6	—	—	—	—	12	28.6	12	28.6
	Bachelor’s degree	17	29.3	17	29.3	—	—	—	—	15	35.7	15	35.7
	Graduate or professional degree	17	29.3	17	29.3	—	—	—	—	4	9.5	4	9.5
Co-occurring Diagnoses	ADHD (All presentations)	0	0.0	24	41.4	0	0.0	16	33.3	0	0.0	11	26.2
	Generalized Anxiety Disorder	0	0.0	30	51.7	0	0.0	14	29.2	0	0.0	15	35.7
	Oppositional Defiant Disorder	0	0.0	5	8.6	0	0.0	5	10.4	0	0.0	3	7.1
	Other Diagnoses	0	0.0	18	31.0	0	0.0	4	8.3	0	0.0	5	11.9
Age in years M (SD)		14.1 (2.6)		12.1 (2.5)		14.0 (2.5)		13.9 (2.4)		14.0 (2.1)		13.9 (2.1)
Total		58	100.0	58	100.0	48	100.0	48	100.0	42	100.0	42	100.0

Click to expand

Table F.31. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Depression and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy

Rater Demographic		Parent				Teacher
		General Population		Depression		General Population		Depression
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	18	31.0	6	10.3	14	29.2	17	35.4
Gender	Female	40	69.0	52	89.7	34	70.8	31	64.6
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	5	8.6	5	8.6	3	6.2	1	2.1
	Asian	2	3.4	0	0.0	1	2.1	1	2.1
	Black	3	5.2	5	8.6	2	4.2	2	4.2
	White	45	77.6	46	79.3	41	85.4	44	91.7
	Other	1	1.7	0	0.0	1	2.1	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	2	3.4	2	3.4	0	0.0	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	0	0.0	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
	High school diploma/GED	8	13.8	8	13.8	—	—	—	—
	Some college or associate’s degree	16	27.6	16	27.6	—	—	—	—
	Bachelor’s degree	17	29.3	17	29.3	—	—	—	—
	Graduate or professional degree	17	29.3	17	29.3	—	—	—	—
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	34	58.6	49	84.5	—	—	—	—
	Biological father	18	31.0	5	8.6	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological mother	2	3.4	4	6.9	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological father	0	0.0	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
	Other relative	4	6.9	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	—	—	—	—	0	0.0	0	0.0
	6–11 months	—	—	—	—	14	29.2	11	22.9
	1–3 years	—	—	—	—	22	45.8	15	31.2
	More than 3 years	—	—	—	—	12	25.0	22	45.8
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	—	—	28	58.3	22	45.8
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	—	—	20	41.7	26	54.2
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	—	—	—	—	1	2.1	0	0.0
	Weekly	—	—	—	—	7	14.6	10	20.8
	Daily	—	—	—	—	40	83.3	38	79.2
Age in years M (SD)		46.0 (8.9)		43.3 (6.7)		41.7 (10.4)		38.6 (8.3)
Total		58	100.0	58	100.0	48	100.0	48	100.0

Click to expand

Table F.32. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy

Demographic		Parent				Teacher				Self-Report
		General Population		GAD		General Population		GAD		General Population		GAD
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	78	46.7	78	46.7	54	58.7	54	58.7	31	44.3	31	44.3
Gender	Female	89	53.3	89	53.3	38	41.3	38	41.3	39	55.7	39	55.7
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	10	6.0	10	6.0	9	9.8	9	9.8	5	7.1	5	7.1
	Asian	2	1.2	2	1.2	1	1.1	1	1.1	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	5	3.0	5	3.0	1	1.1	1	1.1	1	1.4	1	1.4
	White	139	83.2	139	83.2	78	84.8	78	84.8	63	90.0	63	90.0
	Other	1	0.6	1	0.6	2	2.2	2	2.2	1	1.4	1	1.4
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	10	6.0	10	6.0	1	1.1	1	1.1	0	0.0	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	32	19.2	29	17.4	16	17.4	34	37.0	12	17.1	12	17.1
	Midwest	40	24.0	56	33.5	29	31.5	18	19.6	30	42.9	30	42.9
	South	58	34.7	60	35.9	31	33.7	34	37.0	24	34.3	24	34.3
	West	27	16.2	12	7.2	15	16.3	5	5.4	4	5.7	4	5.7
Canadian Region	East	3	1.8	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Central	4	2.4	8	4.8	0	0.0	1	1.1	0	0.0	0	0.0
	West	3	1.8	2	1.2	1	1.1	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	1	0.6	1	0.6	—	—	—	—	2	2.9	2	2.9
	High school diploma/GED	17	10.2	17	10.2	—	—	—	—	10	14.3	10	14.3
	Some college or associate’s degree	43	25.7	43	25.7	—	—	—	—	18	25.7	18	25.7
	Bachelor’s degree	52	31.1	52	31.1	—	—	—	—	22	31.4	22	31.4
	Graduate or professional degree	54	32.3	54	32.3	—	—	—	—	18	25.7	18	25.7
Co-occurring Diagnoses	ADHD (All presentations)	0	0.0	88	52.7	0	0.0	46	50.0	0	0.0	28	40.0
	Depression	0	0.0	29	17.4	0	0.0	14	15.2	0	0.0	13	18.6
	Oppositional Defiant Disorder	0	0.0	11	6.6	0	0.0	7	7.6	0	0.0	3	4.3
	Other Diagnoses	0	0.0	43	25.7	0	0.0	17	18.5	0	0.0	7	10.0
Age in years M (SD)		12.3 (3.3)		12.2 (3.2)		12.6 (3.3)		12.6 (3.3)		13.5 (3.0)		13.5 (3.0)
Total		167	100.0	167	100.0	92	100.0	92	100.0	70	100.0	70	100.0

Note. GAD = Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Other Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Learning Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because youth with co-occurring diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.

Click to expand

Table F.33. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy

Rater Demographic		Parent				Teacher
		General Population		GAD		General Population		GAD
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	62	37.1	15	9.0	25	27.2	21	22.8
	Female	105	62.9	151	90.4	67	72.8	71	77.2
	Other	0	0.0	1	0.6	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	11	6.6	10	6.0	3	3.3	4	4.3
	Asian	2	1.2	0	0.0	1	1.1	3	3.3
	Black	6	3.6	6	3.6	4	4.3	3	3.3
	White	136	81.4	139	83.2	81	88.0	80	87.0
	Other	2	1.2	2	1.2	2	2.2	1	1.1
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	10	6.0	10	6.0	1	1.1	1	1.1
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	1	0.6	1	0.6	—	—	—	—
	High school diploma/GED	17	10.2	17	10.2	—	—	—	—
	Some college or associate’s degree	43	25.7	43	25.7	—	—	—	—
	Bachelor’s degree	52	31.1	52	31.1	—	—	—	—
	Graduate or professional degree	54	32.3	54	32.3	—	—	—	—
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	99	59.3	148	88.6	—	—	—	—
	Biological father	56	33.5	13	7.8	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological mother	5	3.0	6	3.6	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological father	4	2.4	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
	Other relative	3	1.8	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	—	—	—	—	0	0.0	0	0.0
	6–11 months	—	—	—	—	16	17.4	21	22.8
	1–3 years	—	—	—	—	31	33.7	32	34.8
	More than 3 years	—	—	—	—	45	48.9	39	42.4
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	—	—	38	41.3	46	50.0
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	—	—	54	58.7	46	50.0
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	—	—	—	—	1	1.1	1	1.1
	Weekly	—	—	—	—	16	17.4	16	17.4
	Daily	—	—	—	—	75	81.5	75	81.5
Age in years M (SD)		42.6 (8.3)		42.8 (6.3)		41.2 (11.1)		39.5 (10.2)
Total		167	100.0	167	100.0	92	100.0	92	100.0

Note. GAD = Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

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Table F.34. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy

Demographic		Parent				Teacher				Self-Report
		General Population		ODD		General Population		ODD		General Population		ODD
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	43	76.8	43	76.8	47	81.0	47	81.0	20	76.9	20	76.9
Gender	Female	13	23.2	13	23.2	11	19.0	11	19.0	6	23.1	6	23.1
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	9	16.1	9	16.1	4	6.9	4	6.9	2	7.7	2	7.7
	Asian	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	5	8.9	5	8.9	11	19.0	11	19.0	4	15.4	4	15.4
	White	39	69.6	39	69.6	41	70.7	41	70.7	19	73.1	19	73.1
	Other	1	1.8	1	1.8	1	1.7	1	1.7	1	3.8	1	3.8
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	2	3.6	2	3.6	1	1.7	1	1.7	0	0.0	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	12	21.4	6	10.7	8	13.8	18	31.0	4	15.4	3	11.5
	Midwest	9	16.1	18	32.1	12	20.7	15	25.9	7	26.9	8	30.8
	South	22	39.3	24	42.9	28	48.3	21	36.2	10	38.5	11	42.3
	West	11	19.6	6	10.7	9	15.5	3	5.2	5	19.2	4	15.4
Canadian Region	East	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Central	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	1.7	1	1.7	0	0.0	0	0.0
	West	1	1.8	2	3.6	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	1	1.8	1	1.8	—	—	—	—	2	7.7	2	7.7
	High school diploma/GED	15	26.8	15	26.8	—	—	—	—	10	38.5	10	38.5
	Some college or associate’s degree	16	28.6	16	28.6	—	—	—	—	5	19.2	5	19.2
	Bachelor’s degree	16	28.6	16	28.6	—	—	—	—	6	23.1	6	23.1
	Graduate or professional degree	8	14.3	8	14.3	—	—	—	—	3	11.5	3	11.5
Co-occurring Diagnoses	ADHD (All presentations)	0	0.0	42	75.0	0	0.0	39	67.2	0	0.0	16	61.5
	Depression	0	0.0	5	8.9	0	0.0	58	100.0	0	0.0	3	11.5
	Generalized Anxiety Disorder	0	0.0	11	19.6	0	0.0	7	12.1	0	0.0	3	11.5
	Other Diagnoses	0	0.0	17	30.4	0	0.0	3	5.2	0	0.0	3	11.5
Age in years M (SD)		11.1 (3.3)		11.2 (3.4)		10.9 (3.2)		10.9 (3.2)		12.2 (2.4)		12.2 (2.5)
Total		56	100.0	56	100.0	58	100.0	58	100.0	26	100.0	26	100.0

Note. ODD = Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Other Diagnoses include less frequently reported co-occurring diagnoses, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and Learning Disorders. The sum of diagnoses is greater than the total N because youth with co-occurring diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group.

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Table F.35. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Matched General Population Samples for Classification Accuracy

Rater Demographic		Parent				Teacher
		General Population		ODD		General Population		ODD
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	20	35.7	5	8.9	14	24.1	11	19.0
	Female	36	64.3	51	91.1	44	75.9	47	81.0
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	7	12.5	3	5.4	3	5.2	1	1.7
	Asian	0	0.0	1	1.8	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Black	6	10.7	7	12.5	5	8.6	4	6.9
	White	41	73.2	43	76.8	47	81.0	51	87.9
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	3.4	1	1.7
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	1	1.8	2	3.6	0	0.0	1	1.7
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	1	1.8	0	0.0	1	1.7	0	0.0
Education Level	No high school diploma	1	1.8	1	1.8	—	—	—	—
	High school diploma/GED	15	26.8	15	26.8	—	—	—	—
	Some college or associate’s degree	16	28.6	16	28.6	—	—	—	—
	Bachelor’s degree	16	28.6	16	28.6	—	—	—	—
	Graduate or professional degree	8	14.3	8	14.3	—	—	—	—
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	33	58.9	40	71.4	—	—	—	—
	Biological father	19	33.9	5	8.9	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological mother	2	3.6	7	12.5	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological father	1	1.8	0	0.0	—	—	—	—
	Other relative	1	1.8	4	7.1	—	—	—	—
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	—	—	—	—	0	0.0	0	0.0
	6–11 months	—	—	—	—	17	29.3	14	24.1
	1–3 years	—	—	—	—	21	36.2	20	34.5
	More than 3 years	—	—	—	—	20	34.5	24	41.4
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	—	—	21	36.2	23	39.7
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	—	—	37	63.8	35	60.3
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	—	—	—	—	1	1.7	0	0.0
	Weekly	—	—	—	—	9	15.5	9	15.5
	Daily	—	—	—	—	48	82.8	49	84.5
Age in years M (SD)		41.8 (8.7)		42.6 (8.3)		42.1 (10.9)		40.1 (11.7)
Total		56	100.0	56	100.0	58	100.0	58	100.0

Note. ODD = Oppositional Defiant Disorder.

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Table F.36. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Conners 4 Male and Female Matched Samples

Demographic		Parent				Teacher				Self-Report
		Male		Female		Male		Female		Male		Female
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	492	100.0	0	0.0	644	100.0	0	0.0	322	100.0	0	0.0
Gender	Female	0	0.0	492	100.0	0	0.0	644	100.0	0	0.0	322	100.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	105	21.3	106	21.5	137	21.3	137	21.3	69	21.4	69	21.4
	Asian	17	3.5	17	3.5	20	3.1	20	3.1	3	0.9	1	0.3
	Black	60	12.2	62	12.6	80	12.4	80	12.4	40	12.4	39	12.1
	White	271	55.1	266	54.1	325	50.5	329	51.1	176	54.7	166	51.6
	Other	16	3.3	17	3.5	27	4.2	27	4.2	5	1.6	7	2.2
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	17	3.5	21	4.3	47	7.3	42	6.5	23	7.1	34	10.6
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	6	1.2	3	0.6	8	1.2	9	1.4	6	1.9	6	1.9
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	54	11.0	54	11.0	—	—	—	—	38	11.8	38	11.8
	High school diploma/GED	137	27.8	137	27.8	—	—	—	—	87	27.0	87	27.0
	Some college or associate’s degree	159	32.3	159	32.3	—	—	—	—	98	30.4	98	30.4
	Bachelor’s degree	96	19.5	96	19.5	—	—	—	—	64	19.9	64	19.9
	Graduate or professional degree	46	9.3	46	9.3	—	—	—	—	35	10.9	35	10.9
U.S. Region	Northeast	79	16.1	82	16.7	111	17.2	101	15.7	55	17.1	52	16.1
	Midwest	109	22.2	94	19.1	138	21.4	135	21.0	79	24.5	73	22.7
	South	176	35.8	179	36.4	235	36.5	256	39.8	119	37.0	104	32.3
	West	105	21.3	113	23.0	105	16.3	101	15.7	40	12.4	53	16.5
Canadian Region	Central	15	3.0	14	2.8	32	5.0	31	4.8	14	4.3	22	6.8
	East	2	0.4	3	0.6	5	0.8	5	0.8	1	0.3	4	1.2
	West	6	1.2	7	1.4	18	2.8	15	2.3	14	4.3	14	4.3
Language(s) Spoken	English only	431	87.6	431	87.6	126	19.6	126	19.6	296	91.9	296	91.9
Language(s) Spoken	English & Non-English	61	12.4	61	12.4	518	80.4	518	80.4	26	8.1	26	8.1
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	2	0.4	3	0.6	6	0.9	6	0.9	6	1.9	7	2.2
	ADHD Combined	10	2.0	10	2.0	22	3.4	14	2.2	7	2.2	5	1.6
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	4	0.8	2	0.4	9	1.4	3	0.5	4	1.2	0	0.0
	Anxiety	7	1.4	11	2.2	5	0.8	16	2.5	2	0.6	10	3.1
	Depression	0	0.0	1	0.2	6	0.9	4	0.6	2	0.6	2	0.6
	Other Diagnoses	19	3.9	16	3.2	37	5.7	32	5.0	13	4.0	10	3.1
	No Diagnosis	467	94.9	467	94.9	596	92.5	596	92.5	301	93.5	201	62.4
Age in years M (SD)		11.4 (3.5)		11.4 (3.5)		11.6 (3.5)		11.6 (3.5)		12.4 (2.9)		12.4 (2.9)
Total		492	100.0	492	100.0	644	100.0	644	100.0	322	100.0	322	100.0

Click to expand

Table F.37. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Conners 4 Male and Female Matched Samples

Rater Demographic		Parent				Teacher
		Male		Female		Male		Female
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	151	30.7	126	25.6	182	28.3	111	17.2
Gender	Female	341	69.3	366	74.4	462	71.7	533	82.8
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	99	20.1	98	19.9	43	6.7	47	7.3
	Asian	18	3.7	17	3.5	19	3.0	17	2.6
	Black	64	13.0	62	12.6	34	5.3	37	5.7
	White	281	57.1	280	56.9	476	73.9	477	74.1
	Other	8	1.6	11	2.2	18	2.8	15	2.3
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	15	3.0	21	4.3	44	6.8	45	7.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	7	1.4	3	0.6	10	1.6	6	0.9
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	311	63.2	334	67.9	—	—	—	—
	Biological father	141	28.7	119	24.2	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological mother	15	3.0	16	3.3	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological father	6	1.2	5	1.0	—	—	—	—
	Other relative	16	3.3	14	2.8	—	—	—	—
	Other guardian	3	0.6	4	0.8	—	—	—	—
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	—	—	—	—	122	18.9	100	15.5
	6–11 months	—	—	—	—	271	42.1	264	41.0
	1–3 years	—	—	—	—	251	39.0	280	43.5
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	—	—	287	44.6	283	43.9
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	—	—	357	55.4	361	56.1
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	—	—	—	—	6	0.9	3	0.5
	Weekly	—	—	—	—	91	14.1	97	15.1
	Daily	—	—	—	—	547	84.9	544	84.5
Age in years M (SD)		41.2 (9.1)		42.4 (8.6)		42.1 (11.2)		41.9 (11.4)
Total		492	100.0	492	100.0	644	100.0	644	100.0

Click to expand

Table F.38. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Conners 4 Parent U.S. Race/Ethnicity Matched Samples

Demographic		White vs. Hispanic				White vs. Black				White vs. Asian
		White		Hispanic		White		Black		White		Asian
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	95	50.8	95	50.8	91	51.7	91	51.7	29	56.9	29	56.9
Gender	Female	92	49.2	92	49.2	85	48.3	85	48.3	22	43.1	22	43.1
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	28	15.0	28	15.0	15	8.5	15	8.5	2	3.9	2	3.9
	High school diploma/GED	64	34.2	64	34.2	58	33.0	58	33.0	11	21.6	11	21.6
	Some college or associate’s degree	57	30.5	57	30.5	60	34.1	60	34.1	9	17.6	9	17.6
	Bachelor’s degree	25	13.4	25	13.4	27	15.3	27	15.3	13	25.5	13	25.5
	Graduate or professional degree	13	7.0	13	7.0	16	9.1	16	9.1	16	31.4	16	31.4
U.S. Region	Northeast	31	16.6	18	9.6	20	11.4	28	15.9	12	23.5	13	25.5
	Midwest	52	27.8	24	12.8	49	27.8	35	19.9	16	31.4	9	17.6
	South	71	38.0	71	38.0	76	43.2	89	50.6	15	29.4	13	25.5
	West	33	17.6	74	39.6	31	17.6	24	13.6	8	15.7	16	31.4
Language(s) Spoken	English only	165	88.2	165	88.2	176	100.0	176	100.0	47	92.2	47	92.2
Language(s) Spoken	English & Non-English	22	11.8	22	11.8	0	0.0	0	0.0	4	7.8	4	7.8
Diagnoses	ADHD Inattentive	1	0.5	1	0.5	0	0.0	1	0.6	0	0.0	0	0.0
	ADHD Combined	1	0.5	1	0.5	2	1.1	2	1.1	0	0.0	0	0.0
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	0	0.0	1	0.5	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Anxiety	2	1.1	0	0.0	2	1.1	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Depression	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Other Diagnoses	3	1.6	3	1.6	3	1.7	5	2.8	0	0.0	0	0.0
	No Diagnosis	183	97.9	183	97.9	171	97.2	171	97.2	51	100.0	51	100.0
Age in years M (SD)		11.7 (3.6)		11.7 (3.6)		11.5 (3.6)		11.5 (3.6)		11.4 (3.3)		11.4 (3.3)
Total		187	100.0	187	100.0	176	100.0	176	100.0	51	100.0	51	100.0

Click to expand

Table F.39. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Conners 4 Parent U.S. Race/Ethnicity Matched Samples

Rater Demographic		White vs. Hispanic				White vs. Black				White vs. Asian
		White		Hispanic		White		Black		White		Asian
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	52	27.8	50	26.7	49	27.8	46	26.1	29	56.9	23	45.1
Gender	Female	135	72.2	137	73.3	127	72.2	130	73.9	23	45.1	28	54.9
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	3	1.6	150	80.2	0	0.0	2	1.1	1	2.0	2	3.9
	Asian	0	0.0	1	0.5	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	44	86.3
	Black	1	0.5	7	3.7	1	0.6	167	94.9	1	2.0	0	0.0
	White	182	97.3	28	15.0	173	98.3	7	4.0	47	92.2	4	7.8
	Other	1	0.5	1	0.5	2	1.1	0	0.0	2	3.9	1	2.0
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	121	64.7	130	69.5	114	64.8	117	66.5	31	60.8	28	54.9
	Biological father	49	26.2	44	23.5	40	22.7	43	24.4	14	27.5	21	41.2
	Non-biological mother	8	4.3	2	1.1	8	4.5	4	2.3	3	5.9	0	0.0
	Non-biological father	3	1.6	4	2.1	7	4.0	2	1.1	1	2.0	2	3.9
	Other relative	5	2.7	4	2.1	6	3.4	8	4.5	2	3.9	0	0.0
	Other guardian	1	0.5	3	1.6	1	0.6	2	1.1	0	0.0	0	0.0
Age in years M (SD)		42.7 (9.5)		40.7 (8.8)		42.9 (9.0)		41.5 (9.5)		42.4 (10.5)		41.3 (8.2)
Total		187	100.0	187	100.0	176	100.0	176	100.0	51	100.0	51	100.0

Click to expand

Table F.40. Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: Conners 4 Teacher U.S. Race/Ethnicity Matched Samples

Demographic		White vs. Hispanic				White vs. Black				White vs. Asian
		White		Hispanic		White		Black		White		Asian
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	76	50.7	76	50.7	95	49.5	95	49.5	23	53.5	23	53.5
Gender	Female	74	49.3	74	49.3	97	50.5	97	50.5	20	46.5	20	46.5
U.S. Region	Northeast	38	25.3	26	17.3	28	14.6	36	18.8	17	39.5	8	18.6
	Midwest	26	17.3	16	10.7	65	33.9	25	13.0	8	18.6	2	4.7
	South	58	38.7	52	34.7	72	37.5	103	53.6	16	37.2	9	20.9
	West	28	18.7	56	37.3	27	14.1	28	14.6	2	4.7	24	55.8
Language(s) Spoken	English only	118	78.7	118	78.7	188	97.9	188	97.9	29	67.4	29	67.4
Language(s) Spoken	English & Non-English	32	21.3	32	21.3	4	2.1	4	2.1	14	32.6	14	32.6
Diagnostic Group	ADHD Inattentive	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.5	2	1.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	ADHD Combined	4	2.2	1.4	0.7	14	7.3	3	1.6	0	0.0	0	0.0
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	2	1.3	0	0.0	4	2.1	4	2.1	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Anxiety	2	1.3	3	2.0	5	2.6	3	1.6	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Depression	2	1.3	0	0.0	2	1.0	2	1.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Other Diagnoses	5	3.3	7	4.7	16	8.3	24	12.5	0	0.0	0	0.0
	No Diagnosis	143	95.3	143	95.3	166	86.4	166	86.4	43	100.0	43	100.0
Age in years M (SD)		10.9 (3.4)		10.9 (3.4)		11.5 (3.5)		11.5 (3.5)		11.2 (3.1)		11.2 (3.1)
Total		150	100.0	150	100.0	192	100.0	192	100.0	43	100.0	43	100.0

Click to expand

Table F.41. Demographic Characteristics of Raters: Conners 4 Teacher U.S. Race/Ethnicity Matched Samples

Rater Demographic		White vs. Hispanic				White vs. Black				White vs. Asian
		White		Hispanic		White		Black		White		Asian
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	43	28.7	18	12.0	51	26.6	36	18.8	14	32.6	11	25.6
Gender	Female	107	71.3	132	88.0	141	73.4	156	81.3	29	67.4	32	74.4
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	6	4.0	33	22.0	8	4.2	10	5.2	3	7.0	3	7.0
	Asian	1	0.7	4	2.7	1	0.5	3	1.6	1	2.3	13	30.2
	Black	3	2.0	5	3.3	5	2.6	44	22.9	2	4.7	4	9.3
	White	138	92.0	101	67.3	173	90.1	128	66.7	36	83.7	21	48.8
	Other	2	1.3	7	4.7	5	2.6	7	3.6	1	2.3	2	4.7
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	30	20.0	24	16.0	32	16.7	32	16.7	7	16.3	8	18.6
	6 –11 months	55	36.7	68	45.3	75	39.1	82	42.7	17	39.5	18	41.9
	1–3 years	65	43.3	58	38.7	85	44.3	78	40.6	19	44.2	17	39.5
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	60	40.0	59	39.3	80	41.7	92	47.9	15	34.9	17	39.5
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	90	60.0	91	60.7	112	58.3	100	52.1	28	65.1	26	60.5
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	0	0.0	1	0.7	1	0.5	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	2.3
	Weekly	22	14.7	17	11.3	36	18.8	23	12.0	9	20.9	8	18.6
	Daily	128	85.3	132	88.0	155	80.7	169	88.0	34	79.1	34	79.1
Age in years M (SD)		43.4 (11.6)		42.1 (11.4)		42.0 (11.4)		41.2 (11.0)		40.2 (11.1)		38.8 (10.1)
Total		150	100.0	150	100.0	192	100.0	192	100.0	43	100	43	100

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Table F.42. Demographic Characteristics: Conners 4 Self-Report U.S. Race/Ethnicity Matched Samples

Demographic		White vs. Hispanic				White vs. Black				White vs. Asian
		White		Hispanic		White		Black		White		Asian
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	68	48.2	68	48.2	64	49.6	64	49.6	24	55.8	24	55.8
Gender	Female	73	51.8	73	51.8	65	50.4	65	50.4	19	44.2	19	44.2
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	16	11.3	16	11.3	13	10.1	13	10.1	3	7.0	3	7.0
	High school diploma/GED	46	32.6	46	32.6	35	27.1	35	27.1	11	25.6	11	25.6
	Some college or associate’s degree	40	28.4	40	28.4	38	29.5	38	29.5	11	25.6	11	25.6
	Bachelor’s degree	21	14.9	21	14.9	31	24.0	31	24.0	12	27.9	12	27.9
	Graduate or professional degree	18	12.8	18	12.8	12	9.3	12	9.3	6	14.0	6	14.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	29	20.6	12	8.5	25	19.4	19	14.7	9	20.9	8	18.6
	Midwest	47	33.3	16	11.3	36	27.9	23	17.8	30	69.8	10	23.3
	South	39	27.7	54	38.3	39	30.2	77	59.7	4	9.3	7	16.3
	West	26	18.4	59	41.8	29	22.5	10	7.8	0	0.0	18	41.9
Language(s) Spoken	English only	140	99.3	140	99.3	129	100.0	129	100.0	43	100.0	27	62.8
Language(s) Spoken	English & Non-English	1	0.7	1	0.7	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	2	1.4	1	0.7	4	3.1	2	1.6	0	0.0	0	0.0
	ADHD Combined	0	0.0	0	0.0	2	1.6	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.8	1	0.8	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Anxiety	2	1.4	1	0.7	2	1.6	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Depression	1	0.7	0	0.0	1	0.8	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Other Diagnoses	2	1.4	2	1.4	4	3.1	6	4.6	0	0.0	0	0.0
	No Diagnosis	138	97.9	138	97.9	121	93.8	121	93.8	43	100.0	43	100.0
Age in years M (SD)		12.5 (2.9)		12.5 (2.9)		12.4 (3.0)		12.4 (3.0)		12.6 (2.8)		12.8 (2.8)
Total		141	100.0	141	100.0	129	100.0	129	100.0	43	100.0	43	100.0

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Table F.43. Conners 4 Demographic Characteristics of Rated Youth: U.S. and Canada Matched Samples

Demographic		Parent				Teacher				Self-Report
		U.S.		Canada		U.S.		Canada		U.S.		Canada
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	38	51.4	38	51.4	61	51.3	61	51.3	43	53.8	43	53.8
Gender	Female	36	48.6	36	48.6	58	48.7	58	48.7	37	46.3	37	46.3
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	3	4.1	—	—	0	0.0	—	—	4	5.0	—	—
	Asian	3	4.1	—	—	9	7.6	—	—	5	6.3	—	—
	Black	1	1.4	—	—	0	0.0	—	—	4	5.0	—	—
	White	60	81.1	—	—	94	79.0	—	—	66	82.5	—	—
	Other	7	9.5	—	—	16	13.4	—	—	1	1.3	—	—
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	—	—	62	83.8	—	—	97	81.5	—	—	68	85.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	—	—	12	16.2	—	—	22	18.5	—	—	12	15.0
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	9	12.2	9	12.2	—	—	—	—	13	16.3	13	16.3
	High school diploma/GED	20	27.0	20	27.0	—	—	—	—	21	26.3	21	26.3
	Some college or associate’s degree	25	33.8	25	33.8	—	—	—	—	28	35.0	28	35.0
	Bachelor’s degree	16	21.6	16	21.6	—	—	—	—	11	13.8	11	13.8
	Graduate or professional degree	4	5.4	4	5.4	—	—	—	—	7	8.8	7	8.8
U.S. Region	Northeast	15	20.3	—	—	43	36.1	—	—	18	22.5	—	—
	Midwest	27	36.5	—	—	25	21.0	—	—	41	51.3	—	—
	South	13	17.6	—	—	43	36.1	—	—	15	18.8	—	—
	West	19	25.7	—	—	8	6.7	—	—	6	7.5	—	—
Canadian Region	Central	—	—	35	47.3	—	—	75	63.0	—	—	53	66.3
	East	—	—	10	13.5	—	—	8	6.7	—	—	7	8.8
	West	—	—	29	39.2	—	—	36	30.3	—	—	20	25.0
Language(s) Spoken	English only	68	91.9	68	91.9	92	77.3	92	77.3	75	93.8	75	93.8
Language(s) Spoken	English & Non-English	6	8.1	6	8.1	27	22.7	27	22.7	5	6.3	5	6.3
Diagnosis	ADHD Inattentive	0	0.0	1	1.4	1	0.8	2	1.7	0	0.0	1	1.3
	ADHD Combined	4	5.4	3	4.1	2	1.7	3	2.5	2	2.5	0	0.0
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.8	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Anxiety	2	2.7	1	1.4	3	2.5	1	0.8	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Depression	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.8	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Other Diagnoses	4	5.4	6	8.1	4	5.4	4	5.4	0	0.0	2	2.5
	No Diagnosis	68	91.9	68	91.9	113	95.0	113	95.0	78	97.5	78	97.5
Age in years M (SD)		11.5 (3.6)		11.5 (3.6)		11.3 (3.4)		11.3 (3.4)		12.2 (2.9)		12.2 (2.9)
Total		74	100.0	74	100.0	119	100.0	119	100.0	80	100.0	80	100.0

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Table F.44. Conners 4 Demographic Characteristics of Raters: U.S. and Canada Matched Samples

Rater Demographic		Parent				Teacher
		U.S.		Canada		U.S.		Canada
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	17	23.0	24	32.4	37	31.1	36	30.3
Gender	Female	57	77.0	50	67.6	82	68.9	83	69.7
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	4	5.4	—	—	6	5.0	—	—
	Asian	4	5.4	—	—	3	2.5	—	—
	Black	1	1.4	—	—	4	3.4	—	—
	White	62	83.8	—	—	100	84.0	—	—
	Other	3	4.1	—	—	6	5.0	—	—
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	—	—	59	79.7	—	—	99	83.2
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	—	—	15	20.3	—	—	20	16.8
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	53	71.6	46	62.2	—	—	—	—
	Biological father	16	21.6	22	29.7	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological mother	4	5.4	2	2.7	—	—	—	—
	Non-biological father	0	0.0	1	1.4	—	—	—	—
	Other relative	1	1.4	1	1.4	—	—	—	—
	Other guardian	0	0.0	1	1.4	—	—	—	—
	Non-relative	0	0.0	1	1.4	—	—	—	—
Length of Relationship	1–5 months	—	—	—	—	19	16.0	31	26.1
	6–11 months	—	—	—	—	44	37.0	27	22.7
	1–3 years	—	—	—	—	56	47.1	61	51.3
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	—	—	—	—	51	42.9	59	49.6
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	—	—	—	—	68	57.1	60	50.4
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Monthly	—	—	—	—	1	0.8	3	2.5
	Weekly	—	—	—	—	20	16.8	25	21.0
	Daily	—	—	—	—	98	82.4	91	76.5
Age in years M (SD)		41.8 (7.6)		42.8 (9.9)		40.6 (10.9)		42.6 (9.7)
Total		74	100.0	74	100.0	119	100.0	119	100.0