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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Chapter 2: Administration
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Chapter 3: Scoring and Reports
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Chapter 4: Interpretation
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Chapter 5: Case Studies
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Chapter 6: Development
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Chapter 7: Standardization
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Chapter 8: Reliability
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Chapter 9: Validity
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Chapter 10: Fairness
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Chapter 11: Conners 4–Short
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Chapter 12: Conners 4–ADHD Index
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Appendices
Conners 4 ManualChapter 6: Creation of the Translated Forms |
Creation of the Translated Forms |
The U.S. Spanish and French-Canadian translations of the Conners 4 were developed for the final version of the Parent, Teacher, and Self-Report forms. Translations for both the U.S. Spanish and the French-Canadian versions followed a translation and reconciliation process (translation company named in the Acknowledgments section of this manual). First, two professional, native-speaking translators each produced an independent translation of the same assessment materials from English to their respective native language. Next, the two translations were then reconciled by a third native-speaking linguist, referred to as a reconciler. The reconciler was the most experienced linguist of the three and was trained to merge the two translations into a version that used the best elements from each to ensure that the final translation was as accurate and fluent as possible. Then, the final version delivered by the reconciler was sent for proofreading, which ensured linguistic accuracy (e.g., spelling, phraseology, syntax, grammar). Finally, each language version underwent automated consistency checks and was reviewed manually to ensure that style guides and translation guidelines have been followed throughout the process.
The U.S. Spanish and French-Canadian versions sought to provide cultural translations of the test items and instructions, while maintaining consistency across rater forms as much as possible. In many cases, achieving this goal meant that the only difference between rater forms was that the Self-Report is described from the first-person perspective, and both the Parent and Teacher forms were described from the third-person perspective. In cases where there were significant differences other than the perspective, translators did not force consistency but ensured that the rater forms were asking about the same behavior or feeling in the translation.
Special attention was paid to the use of gender-inclusive language. It must be noted that in U.S. Spanish and French-Canadian, there is currently no clear consensus on this regard, but care was taken into consideration for the translations. In some cases, U.S. Spanish and French-Canadian languages allowed for the gendered pronoun to be dropped from a sentence entirely, with a resulting sentence that was still legible and grammatically correct. In cases where the removal of a gendered pronoun was not possible, translators were asked to restructure the sentence in the translation to avoid using gendered terms. The translators provided additional comments about the restructuring. All of these comments were then carefully considered during the reconciliation process, which resulted in the creation of the translated test forms.
Additional translations will be made available throughout the product lifecycle. The creation of these other translated forms will follow the same procedure as described in the creation of the U.S. Spanish and French-Canadian forms.
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