Manual

Conners 4 Manual

Chapter 7: Standardization, Tables

Table 7.1. Gender x Age Group: Conners 4 Parent Normative Sample–Combined Gender

Age (in years)	Male	Female	Other	Total
6	65	65	0	130
7	65	65	0	130
8	64	65	1	130
9	65	65	0	130
10	65	65	0	130
11	65	65	0	130
12	65	65	0	130
13	65	65	0	130
14	64	64	2	130
15	65	65	0	130
16	64	65	1	130
17/18	65	64	1	130
Total N	777	778	5	1,560
Total (%)	49.8	49.9	0.3	100.0

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Table 7.2. Gender x Age Group: Conners 4 Teacher Normative Sample–Combined Gender

Age (in years)	Male	Female	Other	Total
6	65	65	0	130
7	65	65	0	130
8	65	65	0	130
9	65	65	0	130
10	65	65	0	130
11	65	65	0	130
12	65	65	0	130
13	65	65	0	130
14	65	65	0	130
15	65	65	0	130
16	64	65	1	130
17/18	65	65	0	130
Total N	779	780	1	1,560
Total (%)	49.9	50.0	0.1	100.0

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Table 7.3. Gender x Age Group: Conners 4 Self-Report Normative Sample–Combined Gender

Age (in years)	Male	Female	Other	Total
8	55	55	0	110
9	55	55	0	110
10	55	55	0	110
11	55	55	0	110
12	55	55	0	110
13	55	55	0	110
14	55	55	0	110
15	55	55	0	110
16	55	55	0	110
17/18	55	55	0	110
Total N	550	550	0	1,100
Total (%)	50.0	50.0	0.0	100.0

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Table 7.4. Gender x Age Group: Conners 4 Parent Normative Samples–Gender Specific

Age (in years)	Normative Sample Gender Specific–Males	Normative Sample Gender Specific–Females
6	65	65
7	65	65
8	65	65
9	65	65
10	65	65
11	65	65
12	65	65
13	65	65
14	65	65
15	65	65
16	65	65
17/18	65	65
Total N	780	780
Total (%)	100.0	100.0

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Table 7.5. Gender x Age Group: Conners 4 Teacher Normative Samples–Gender Specific

Age (in years)	Normative Sample Gender Specific–Males	Normative Sample Gender Specific–Females
6	65	65
7	65	65
8	65	65
9	65	65
10	65	65
11	65	65
12	65	65
13	65	65
14	65	65
15	65	65
16	65	65
17/18	65	65
Total N	780	780
Total (%)	100.0	100.0

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Table 7.6. Gender x Age Group: Conners 4 Self-Report Normative Samples–Gender Specific

Age (in years)	Normative Sample Gender Specific–Males	Normative Sample Gender Specific–Females
8	55	55
9	55	55
10	55	55
11	55	55
12	55	55
13	55	55
14	55	55
15	55	55
16	55	55
17/18	55	55
Total N	550	550
Total (%)	100.0	100.0

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Table 7.7. Race/Ethnicity x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Parent Normative Sample–Combined Gender

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada			Total
Age (in years)	Hispanic	Asian	Black	White	Other	Subtotal	Not visible minority	Visible minority	Subtotal	Total
6	30	5	17	59	7	118	9	3	12	130
7	30	6	16	59	7	118	9	3	12	130
8	30	6	16	60	6	118	9	3	12	130
9	29	6	17	60	6	118	10	2	12	130
10	29	5	17	59	8	118	8	4	12	130
11	29	7	16	59	7	118	8	4	12	130
12	28	6	17	60	7	118	8	4	12	130
13	31	6	15	59	7	118	8	4	12	130
14	28	6	16	60	8	118	8	4	12	130
15	28	8	16	58	8	118	9	3	12	130
16	28	6	17	60	7	118	9	3	12	130
17/18	30	6	16	59	7	118	9	3	12	130
Total	350	73	196	712	85	1,416	104	40	144	1,560
Total (%)	24.7	5.2	13.8	50.3	6.0	100.0	72.2	27.8	100.0
Census (%)	25.1	5.0	13.4	50.5	6.0		72.7	27.3

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table 7.8. Race/Ethnicity x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Teacher Normative Sample–Combined Gender

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada			Total
Age (in years)	Hispanic	Asian	Black	White	Other	Subtotal	Not visible minority	Visible minority	Subtotal	Total
6	28	5	18	60	7	118	9	3	12	130
7	29	4	18	60	7	118	9	3	12	130
8	28	6	17	62	5	118	9	3	12	130
9	28	6	15	61	8	118	9	3	12	130
10	28	6	17	59	8	118	9	3	12	130
11	29	6	16	60	7	118	9	3	12	130
12	29	5	16	61	7	118	9	3	12	130
13	29	7	14	61	7	118	9	3	12	130
14	27	6	18	61	6	118	9	3	12	130
15	30	3	18	62	5	118	9	3	12	130
16	29	7	16	60	6	118	9	3	12	130
17/18	31	6	16	57	8	118	9	3	12	130
Total	345	67	199	724	81	1,416	108	36	144	1,560
Total (%)	24.4	4.7	14.1	51.1	5.7	100.0	75.0	25.0	100.0
Census (%)	25.1	5.0	13.4	50.5	6.0		72.7	27.3

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table 7.9. Race/Ethnicity x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Self-Report Normative Sample–Combined Gender

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada			Total
Age (in years)	Hispanic	Asian	Black	White	Other	Subtotal	Not visible minority	Visible Minority	Subtotal	Total
8	23	3	15	49	6	96	10	4	14	110
9	20	5	13	52	6	96	10	4	14	110
10	25	4	14	49	4	96	10	4	14	110
11	24	5	17	45	5	96	11	3	14	110
12	23	5	11	51	6	96	9	5	14	110
13	27	5	12	46	6	96	9	5	14	110
14	24	5	14	47	6	96	11	3	14	110
15	26	4	14	47	5	96	9	5	14	110
16	25	5	13	48	5	96	10	4	14	110
17/18	24	4	14	50	4	96	11	3	14	110
Total	241	45	137	484	53	960	100	40	140	1,100
Total (%)	25.1	4.7	14.3	50.4	5.5	100.0	71.4	28.6	100.0
Census (%)	25.1	5.0	13.4	50.5	6.0		72.7	27.3

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table 7.10a. Race/Ethnicity x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Parent Normative Sample Gender Specific–Males

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada			Total
Age (in years)	Hispanic	Asian	Black	White	Other	Subtotal	Not visible minority	Visible minority	Subtotal	Total
6	14	3	9	30	3	59	5	1	6	65
7	15	3	8	29	4	59	5	1	6	65
8	15	3	8	30	3	59	4	2	6	65
9	15	3	8	30	3	59	5	1	6	65
10	15	3	8	29	4	59	4	2	6	65
11	15	3	8	29	4	59	3	3	6	65
12	13	3	9	31	3	59	4	2	6	65
13	16	3	7	30	3	59	4	2	6	65
14	14	3	8	30	4	59	3	3	6	65
15	14	4	8	29	4	59	4	2	6	65
16	13	3	8	31	4	59	5	1	6	65
17/18	15	3	8	30	3	59	4	2	6	65
Total	174	37	97	358	42	708	50	22	72	780
Total (%)	24.6	5.2	13.7	50.6	5.9	100.0	69.4	30.6	100.0
Census (%)	25.1	5.0	13.4	50.5	6.0		72.7	27.3

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table 7.10b. Race/Ethnicity x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Parent Normative Sample Gender Specific–Females

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada			Total
Age (in years)	Hispanic	Asian	Black	White	Other	Subtotal	Not visible minority	Visible minority	Subtotal	Total
6	16	2	8	29	4	59	4	2	6	65
7	15	3	8	30	3	59	4	2	6	65
8	15	3	8	30	3	59	5	1	6	65
9	14	3	9	30	3	59	5	1	6	65
10	14	2	9	30	4	59	4	2	6	65
11	14	4	8	30	3	59	5	1	6	65
12	15	3	8	29	4	59	4	2	6	65
13	15	3	8	29	4	59	4	2	6	65
14	14	3	8	30	4	59	5	1	6	65
15	14	4	8	29	4	59	5	1	6	65
16	15	3	9	29	3	59	4	2	6	65
17/18	15	3	8	29	4	59	5	1	6	65
Total	176	36	99	354	43	708	54	18	72	780
Total (%)	24.9	5.1	14.0	50.0	6.1	100.0	75.0	25.0	100.0
Census (%)	25.1	5.0	13.4	50.5	6.0		72.7	27.3

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table 7.11a. Race/Ethnicity x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Teacher Normative Sample Gender Specific–Males

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada			Total
Age (in years)	Hispanic	Asian	Black	White	Other	Subtotal	Not visible minority	Visible minority	Subtotal	Total
6	15	2	9	30	3	59	4	2	6	65
7	15	2	8	30	4	59	4	2	6	65
8	14	3	9	31	2	59	5	1	6	65
9	14	3	7	31	4	59	4	2	6	65
10	14	3	9	29	4	59	5	1	6	65
11	15	3	8	30	3	59	5	1	6	65
12	14	2	9	30	4	59	5	1	6	65
13	15	3	8	30	3	59	4	2	6	65
14	13	3	9	31	3	59	4	2	6	65
15	16	1	9	30	3	59	5	1	6	65
16	14	4	8	30	3	59	4	2	6	65
17/18	16	2	7	29	5	59	5	1	6	65
Total	175	31	100	361	41	708	54	18	72	780
Total (%)	24.7	4.4	14.1	51.0	5.8	100.0	75.0	25.0	100.0
Census (%)	25.1	5.0	13.4	50.5	6.0		72.7	27.3

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

Click to expand

Table 7.11b. Race/Ethnicity x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Teacher Normative Sample Gender Specific–Females

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada			Total
Age (in years)	Hispanic	Asian	Black	White	Other	Subtotal	Not visible minority	Visible minority	Subtotal	Total
6	13	3	9	30	4	59	5	1	6	65
7	14	2	10	30	3	59	5	1	6	65
8	14	3	8	31	3	59	4	2	6	65
9	14	3	8	30	4	59	5	1	6	65
10	14	3	8	30	4	59	4	2	6	65
11	14	3	8	30	4	59	4	2	6	65
12	15	3	7	31	3	59	4	2	6	65
13	14	4	6	31	4	59	5	1	6	65
14	14	3	9	30	3	59	5	1	6	65
15	14	2	9	32	2	59	4	2	6	65
16	15	3	8	30	3	59	5	1	6	65
17/18	15	4	9	28	3	59	4	2	6	65
Total	170	36	99	363	40	708	54	18	72	780
Total (%)	24.0	5.1	14.0	51.3	5.6	100.0	75.0	25.0	100.0
Census (%)	25.1	5.0	13.4	50.5	6.0		72.7	27.3

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

Click to expand

Table 7.12a. Race/Ethnicity x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Self-Report Normative Sample Gender Specific–Males

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada			Total
Age (in years)	Hispanic	Asian	Black	White	Other	Subtotal	Not visible minority	Visible minority	Subtotal	Total
8	11	3	6	25	3	48	6	1	7	55
9	11	2	7	25	3	48	5	2	7	55
10	14	2	6	24	2	48	5	2	7	55
11	12	2	9	23	2	48	6	1	7	55
12	12	3	5	25	3	48	5	2	7	55
13	15	2	5	23	3	48	4	3	7	55
14	13	3	7	22	3	48	4	3	7	55
15	13	2	8	23	2	48	4	3	7	55
16	12	3	7	24	2	48	5	2	7	55
17/18	12	2	7	25	2	48	5	2	7	55
Total	125	24	67	239	25	480	49	21	70	550
Total (%)	26.0	5.0	14.0	49.8	5.2	100.0	70.0	30.0	100.0
Census (%)	25.1	5.0	13.4	50.5	6.0		72.7	27.3

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table 7.12b. Race/Ethnicity x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Self-Report Normative Sample Gender Specific–Females

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada			Total
Age (in years)	Hispanic	Asian	Black	White	Other	Subtotal	Not visible minority	Visible minority	Subtotal	Total
8	12	0	9	24	3	48	4	3	7	55
9	9	3	6	27	3	48	5	2	7	55
10	11	2	8	25	2	48	5	2	7	55
11	12	3	8	22	3	48	5	2	7	55
12	11	2	6	26	3	48	4	3	7	55
13	12	3	7	23	3	48	5	2	7	55
14	11	2	7	25	3	48	7	0	7	55
15	13	2	6	24	3	48	5	2	7	55
16	13	2	6	24	3	48	5	2	7	55
17/18	12	2	7	25	2	48	6	1	7	55
Total	116	21	70	245	28	480	51	19	70	550
Total (%)	24.2	4.4	14.6	51.0	5.8	100.0	72.9	27.1	100.0
Census (%)	25.1	5.0	13.4	50.5	6.0		72.7	27.3

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

Click to expand

Table 7.13. Region x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Parent Normative Sample–Combined Gender

Age (in years)	U.S.					Canada				Total
Age (in years)	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	Subtotal	East	Central	West	Subtotal	Total
6	20	25	47	26	118	1	7	4	12	130
7	21	22	46	29	118	3	5	4	12	130
8	20	24	46	28	118	1	8	3	12	130
9	18	24	47	29	118	1	8	3	12	130
10	20	25	46	27	118	0	9	3	12	130
11	20	24	45	29	118	2	6	4	12	130
12	22	25	43	28	118	1	8	3	12	130
13	19	28	44	27	118	1	7	4	12	130
14	21	25	46	26	118	1	7	4	12	130
15	20	24	46	28	118	1	7	4	12	130
16	20	24	45	29	118	1	7	4	12	130
17/18	21	24	45	28	118	1	7	4	12	130
Total	242	294	546	334	1,416	14	86	44	144	1,560
Total (%)	17.1	20.8	38.6	23.6	100.0	9.7	59.7	30.6	100.0
Census (%)	15.8	21.0	38.9	24.3		6.1	61.1	32.8

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

Click to expand

Table 7.14. Region x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Teacher Normative Sample–Combined Gender

Age (in years)	U.S.					Canada				Total
Age (in years)	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	Subtotal	East	Central	West	Subtotal	Total
6	21	27	47	23	118	1	7	4	12	130
7	21	23	48	26	118	1	7	4	12	130
8	20	23	47	28	118	1	7	4	12	130
9	19	26	44	29	118	0	8	4	12	130
10	20	24	46	28	118	1	7	4	12	130
11	19	24	46	29	118	1	9	2	12	130
12	24	26	43	25	118	1	7	4	12	130
13	20	26	44	28	118	1	7	4	12	130
14	21	29	46	22	118	1	7	4	12	130
15	23	25	47	23	118	0	8	4	12	130
16	25	23	46	24	118	1	7	4	12	130
17/18	23	24	44	27	118	1	7	4	12	130
Total	256	300	548	312	1,416	10	88	46	144	1,560
Total (%)	18.1	21.2	38.7	22.0	100.0	6.9	61.1	31.9	100.0
Census (%)	15.8	21.0	38.9	24.3		6.1	61.1	32.8

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table 7.15. Region x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Self-Report Normative Sample–Combined Gender

Age (in years)	U.S.					Canada				Total
Age (in years)	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	Subtotal	East	Central	West	Subtotal	Total
8	16	19	40	21	96	1	7	6	14	110
9	16	23	36	21	96	1	8	5	14	110
10	15	20	39	22	96	1	9	4	14	110
11	14	21	37	24	96	2	9	3	14	110
12	18	23	33	22	96	0	9	5	14	110
13	19	19	38	20	96	1	8	5	14	110
14	17	24	32	23	96	0	10	4	14	110
15	17	21	36	22	96	1	9	4	14	110
16	17	24	34	21	96	1	8	5	14	110
17/18	16	22	36	22	96	1	8	5	14	110
Total	165	216	361	218	960	9	85	46	140	1,100
Total (%)	17.2	22.5	37.6	22.7	100.0	6.4	60.7	32.9	100.0
Census (%)	15.8	21.0	38.9	24.3		6.1	61.1	32.8

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

Click to expand

Table 7.16a. Region x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Parent Normative Sample Gender Specific–Males

Age (in years)	U.S.					Canada				Total
Age (in years)	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	Subtotal	East	Central	West	Subtotal	Total
6	10	12	24	13	59	1	3	2	6	65
7	9	12	24	14	59	3	1	2	6	65
8	10	12	23	14	59	0	4	2	6	65
9	9	11	24	15	59	1	4	1	6	65
10	10	13	23	13	59	0	5	1	6	65
11	11	11	22	15	59	1	2	3	6	65
12	11	14	21	13	59	1	3	2	6	65
13	9	14	22	14	59	0	4	2	6	65
14	10	12	23	14	59	1	3	2	6	65
15	10	12	23	14	59	0	4	2	6	65
16	9	13	22	15	59	0	4	2	6	65
17/18	10	11	23	15	59	1	3	2	6	65
Total	118	147	274	169	708	9	40	23	72	780
Total (%)	16.7	20.8	38.7	23.9	100.0	12.5	55.6	31.9	100.0
Census (%)	15.8	21.0	38.9	24.3		6.1	61.1	32.8

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

Click to expand

Table 7.16b. Region x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Parent Normative Sample Gender Specific–Females

Age (in years)	U.S.					Canada				Total
Age (in years)	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	Subtotal	East	Central	West	Subtotal	Total
6	10	13	23	13	59	0	4	2	6	65
7	12	10	22	15	59	0	4	2	6	65
8	10	12	23	14	59	1	3	2	6	65
9	9	13	23	14	59	0	4	2	6	65
10	10	12	23	14	59	0	4	2	6	65
11	9	13	23	14	59	1	4	1	6	65
12	11	11	22	15	59	0	5	1	6	65
13	10	14	22	13	59	1	3	2	6	65
14	10	13	23	13	59	0	4	2	6	65
15	10	12	23	14	59	1	3	2	6	65
16	11	11	23	14	59	1	3	2	6	65
17/18	11	13	22	13	59	0	4	2	6	65
Total	123	147	272	166	708	5	45	22	72	780
Total (%)	17.4	20.8	38.4	23.4	100.0	6.9	62.5	30.6	100.0
Census (%)	15.8	21.0	38.9	24.3		6.1	61.1	32.8

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

Click to expand

Table 7.17a. Region x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Teacher Normative Sample Gender Specific–Males

Age (in years)	U.S.					Canada				Total
Age (in years)	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	Subtotal	East	Central	West	Subtotal	Total
6	10	13	24	12	59	0	4	2	6	65
7	12	9	26	12	59	1	3	2	6	65
8	11	12	24	12	59	1	4	1	6	65
9	9	16	19	15	59	0	4	2	6	65
10	10	12	23	14	59	1	3	2	6	65
11	9	12	23	15	59	0	5	1	6	65
12	12	13	21	13	59	0	4	2	6	65
13	10	12	23	14	59	0	3	3	6	65
14	12	14	22	11	59	1	3	2	6	65
15	12	12	23	12	59	0	4	2	6	65
16	15	11	23	10	59	0	3	3	6	65
17/18	14	12	21	12	59	1	3	2	6	65
Total	136	148	272	152	708	5	43	24	72	780
Total (%)	19.2	20.9	38.4	21.5	100.0	6.9	59.7	33.3	100.0
Census (%)	15.8	21.0	38.9	24.3		6.1	61.1	32.8

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table 7.17b. Region x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Teacher Normative Sample Gender Specific–Females

Age (in years)	U.S.					Canada				Total
Age (in years)	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	Subtotal	East	Central	West	Subtotal	Total
6	11	14	23	11	59	1	3	2	6	65
7	9	14	22	14	59	0	4	2	6	65
8	9	11	23	16	59	0	3	3	6	65
9	10	10	25	14	59	0	4	2	6	65
10	10	12	23	14	59	0	4	2	6	65
11	10	12	23	14	59	1	4	1	6	65
12	12	13	22	12	59	1	3	2	6	65
13	10	14	21	14	59	1	4	1	6	65
14	9	15	24	11	59	0	4	2	6	65
15	11	13	24	11	59	0	4	2	6	65
16	10	12	23	14	59	1	4	1	6	65
17/18	9	12	23	15	59	0	4	2	6	65
Total	120	152	276	160	708	5	45	22	72	780
Total (%)	16.9	21.5	39.0	22.6	100.0	6.9	62.5	30.6	100.0
Census (%)	15.8	21.0	38.9	24.3		6.1	61.1	32.8

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table 7.18a. Region x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Self-Report Normative Sample Gender Specific–Males

Age (in years)	U.S.					Canada				Total
Age (in years)	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	Subtotal	East	Central	West	Subtotal	Total
8	9	10	19	10	48	1	3	3	7	55
9	7	12	17	12	48	0	4	3	7	55
10	7	10	21	10	48	1	4	2	7	55
11	6	10	18	14	48	1	5	1	7	55
12	9	11	17	11	48	0	4	3	7	55
13	11	9	18	10	48	1	4	2	7	55
14	8	12	16	12	48	0	5	2	7	55
15	10	11	16	11	48	0	5	2	7	55
16	7	15	16	10	48	0	4	3	7	55
17/18	9	11	17	11	48	1	4	2	7	55
Total	83	111	175	111	480	5	42	23	70	550
Total (%)	17.3	23.1	36.5	23.1	100.0	7.1	60.0	32.9	100.0
Census (%)	15.8	21.0	38.9	24.3		6.1	61.1	32.8

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table 7.18b. Region x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Self-Report Normative Sample Gender Specific–Females

Age (in years)	U.S.					Canada				Total
Age (in years)	Northeast	Midwest	South	West	Subtotal	East	Central	West	Subtotal	Total
8	7	9	21	11	48	0	4	3	7	55
9	9	11	19	9	48	1	4	2	7	55
10	8	10	18	12	48	0	5	2	7	55
11	8	11	19	10	48	1	4	2	7	55
12	9	12	16	11	48	0	5	2	7	55
13	8	10	20	10	48	0	4	3	7	55
14	9	12	16	11	48	0	5	2	7	55
15	7	10	20	11	48	1	4	2	7	55
16	10	9	18	11	48	1	4	2	7	55
17/18	7	11	19	11	48	0	4	3	7	55
Total	82	105	186	107	480	4	43	23	70	550
Total (%)	17.1	21.9	38.8	22.3	100.0	5.7	61.4	32.9	100.0
Census (%)	15.8	21.0	38.9	24.3		6.1	61.1	32.8

Note. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table 7.19. Parental Education Level x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Parent Normative Sample–Combined Gender

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada						Total
Age (in years)	PEL 1	PEL 2	PEL 3	PEL 4	PEL 5	Subtotal	PEL 1	PEL 2	PEL 3	PEL 4	PEL 5	Subtotal	Total
6	15	33	33	22	15	118	2	2	4	3	1	12	130
7	14	32	34	23	15	118	1	3	4	4	0	12	130
8	16	30	35	24	13	118	2	2	4	3	1	12	130
9	15	32	34	22	15	118	1	4	3	3	1	12	130
10	18	30	33	22	15	118	2	2	4	3	1	12	130
11	13	31	33	26	15	118	2	3	3	3	1	12	130
12	15	31	33	23	16	118	2	2	2	5	1	12	130
13	14	32	35	22	15	118	1	3	4	2	2	12	130
14	13	32	35	22	16	118	1	3	4	3	1	12	130
15	13	33	34	22	16	118	2	1	3	4	2	12	130
16	14	32	36	23	13	118	1	3	5	2	1	12	130
17/18	13	34	34	21	16	118	2	2	4	2	2	12	130
Total	173	382	409	272	180	1,416	19	30	44	37	14	144	1,560
Total (%)	12.2	27.0	28.9	19.2	12.7	100.0	13.2	20.8	30.6	25.7	9.7	100.0
Census (%)	11.7	26.9	28.9	20.0	12.6		14.4	23.7	35.1	17.7	9.1

Note. PEL = Parental Education level; PEL 1 = No high school diploma; PEL 2 = High school diploma/GED; PEL 3 = Some college or associate’s degree; PEL 4 = Bachelor’s degree; PEL 5 = Graduate or professional degree. U.S. census figures are from the 2018 American Community Survey; Canadian census figures are from the 2016 Statistics Canada National Census.

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Table 7.20. Parental Education Level x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Self-Report Normative Sample–Combined Gender

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada						Total
Age (in years)	PEL 1	PEL 2	PEL 3	PEL 4	PEL 5	Subtotal	PEL 1	PEL 2	PEL 3	PEL 4	PEL 5	Subtotal	Total
8	11	23	26	22	14	96	2	4	7	1	0	14	110
9	10	26	28	19	13	96	2	3	5	2	2	14	110
10	13	24	28	17	14	96	2	2	5	3	2	14	110
11	10	25	28	20	13	96	2	2	5	3	2	14	110
12	15	27	22	16	16	96	2	3	6	3	0	14	110
13	10	27	26	22	11	96	3	4	4	2	1	14	110
14	11	23	27	21	14	96	2	5	4	2	1	14	110
15	11	27	29	16	13	96	1	2	5	4	2	14	110
16	12	24	28	18	14	96	2	2	5	2	3	14	110
17/18	12	27	26	21	10	96	3	4	4	1	2	14	110
Total	115	253	268	192	132	960	21	31	50	23	15	140	1,100
Total (%)	12.0	26.4	27.9	20.0	13.8	100.0	15.0	22.1	35.7	16.4	10.7	100.0
Census (%)	11.7	26.9	28.9	20.0	12.6		14.4	23.7	35.1	17.7	9.1

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Table 7.21a. Parental Education Level x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Parent Normative Sample Gender Specific–Males

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada						Total
Age (in years)	PEL 1	PEL 2	PEL 3	PEL 4	PEL 5	Subtotal	PEL 1	PEL 2	PEL 3	PEL 4	PEL 5	Subtotal	Total
6	7	17	16	11	8	59	1	1	2	2	0	6	65
7	8	16	17	10	8	59	0	2	2	2	0	6	65
8	9	13	18	11	8	59	1	1	2	1	1	6	65
9	8	15	17	12	7	59	0	2	2	2	0	6	65
10	9	15	17	10	8	59	1	1	2	2	0	6	65
11	7	15	17	13	7	59	2	1	1	1	1	6	65
12	7	18	16	11	7	59	1	1	2	1	1	6	65
13	8	16	18	11	6	59	1	1	2	1	1	6	65
14	6	17	17	12	7	59	1	2	1	2	0	6	65
15	7	17	16	11	8	59	1	0	1	2	2	6	65
16	6	17	19	12	5	59	0	2	2	1	1	6	65
17/18	7	16	17	10	9	59	1	1	2	1	1	6	65
Total	89	192	205	134	88	708	10	15	21	18	8	72	780
Total (%)	12.6	27.1	29.0	18.9	12.4	100.0	13.9	20.8	29.2	25.0	11.1	100.0
Census (%)	11.7	26.9	28.9	20.0	12.6		14.4	23.7	35.1	17.7	9.1

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Table 7.21b. Parental Education Level x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Parent Normative Sample Gender Specific–Females

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada						Total
Age (in years)	PEL 1	PEL 2	PEL 3	PEL 4	PEL 5	Subtotal	PEL 1	PEL 2	PEL 3	PEL 4	PEL 5	Subtotal	Total
6	8	16	17	11	7	59	1	1	2	1	1	6	65
7	6	16	17	13	7	59	1	1	2	2	0	6	65
8	7	17	17	13	5	59	1	1	2	2	0	6	65
9	7	17	17	10	8	59	1	2	1	1	1	6	65
10	9	15	16	12	7	59	1	1	2	1	1	6	65
11	6	16	16	13	8	59	0	2	2	2	0	6	65
12	8	13	17	12	9	59	1	1	0	4	0	6	65
13	6	16	17	11	9	59	0	2	2	1	1	6	65
14	7	15	18	10	9	59	0	1	3	1	1	6	65
15	6	16	18	11	8	59	1	1	2	2	0	6	65
16	8	15	17	11	8	59	1	1	3	1	0	6	65
17/18	6	18	17	11	7	59	1	1	2	1	1	6	65
Total	84	190	204	138	92	708	9	15	23	19	6	72	780
Total (%)	11.9	26.8	28.8	19.5	13.0	100.0	12.5	20.8	31.9	26.4	8.3	100.0
Census (%)	11.7	26.9	28.9	20.0	12.6		14.4	23.7	35.1	17.7	9.1

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Table 7.22a. Parental Education Level x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Self-Report Normative Sample Gender Specific–Males

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada						Total
Age (in years)	PEL 1	PEL 2	PEL 3	PEL 4	PEL 5	Subtotal	PEL 1	PEL 2	PEL 3	PEL 4	PEL 5	Subtotal	Total
8	6	11	12	10	9	48	1	2	4	0	0	7	55
9	5	15	13	9	6	48	1	2	2	1	1	7	55
10	8	11	15	8	6	48	1	1	3	1	1	7	55
11	4	11	14	11	8	48	1	1	2	2	1	7	55
12	9	13	11	6	9	48	1	1	3	2	0	7	55
13	5	13	13	12	5	48	1	2	2	1	1	7	55
14	5	12	14	10	7	48	1	3	3	0	0	7	55
15	6	14	14	7	7	48	0	1	2	3	1	7	55
16	6	12	15	9	6	48	1	1	2	1	2	7	55
17/18	6	14	12	11	5	48	2	2	2	0	1	7	55
Total	60	126	133	93	68	480	10	16	25	11	8	70	550
Total (%)	12.5	26.2	27.7	19.4	14.2	100.0	14.3	22.9	35.7	15.7	11.4	100.0
Census (%)	11.7	26.9	28.9	20.0	12.6		14.4	23.7	35.1	17.7	9.1

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Table 7.22b. Parental Education Level x Country x Age Group: Conners 4 Self-Report Normative Sample Gender Specific–Females

Age (in years)	U.S.						Canada						Total
Age (in years)	PEL 1	PEL 2	PEL 3	PEL 4	PEL 5	Subtotal	PEL 1	PEL 2	PEL 3	PEL 4	PEL 5	Subtotal	Total
8	5	12	14	12	5	48	1	2	3	1	0	7	55
9	5	11	15	10	7	48	1	1	3	1	1	7	55
10	5	13	13	9	8	48	1	1	2	2	1	7	55
11	6	14	14	9	5	48	1	1	3	1	1	7	55
12	6	14	11	10	7	48	1	2	3	1	0	7	55
13	5	14	13	10	6	48	2	2	2	1	0	7	55
14	6	11	13	11	7	48	1	2	1	2	1	7	55
15	5	13	15	9	6	48	1	1	3	1	1	7	55
16	6	12	13	9	8	48	1	1	3	1	1	7	55
17/18	6	13	14	10	5	48	1	2	2	1	1	7	55
Total	55	127	135	99	64	480	11	15	25	12	7	70	550
Total (%)	11.5	26.5	28.1	20.6	13.3	100.0	15.7	21.4	35.7	17.1	10.0	100.0
Census (%)	11.7	26.9	28.9	20.0	12.6		14.4	23.7	35.1	17.7	9.1

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Table 7.23. Distribution of Clinical Diagnoses: Conners 4 Parent Normative Samples

Diagnosis	Males	Females	Combined	Total Portion of Sample (%)	Prevalence Rate in Youth (%)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder	49	25	74	4.7	5.0
Specific Learning Disability	66	35	101	6.5	5.0
Oppositional Defiant Disorder	22	12	34	2.2	3.3
Autism Spectrum Disorder	12	9	21	1.3	1.0
Emotional Disturbance	12	28	40	2.6	0.7

Note. The total number of clinical cases in the Normative Sample is less than the sum of cases in each clinical group because youth with co-occurring diagnoses count towards more than one diagnostic group. Youth in the Combined column were included in the Combined Gender Normative Sample, those in the Male column were included in the Gender Specific Normative Sample–Males, and those in the Female column were included in the Gender Specific Normative Sample–Females.

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Table 7.24. Distribution of Clinical Diagnoses: Conners 4 Teacher Normative Samples

Diagnosis	Males	Females	Combined	Total Portion of Sample (%)	Prevalence Rate in Youth (%)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder	49	26	75	4.8	5.0
Specific Learning Disability	65	28	93	6.0	5.0
Oppositional Defiant Disorder	22	9	31	2.0	3.3
Autism Spectrum Disorder	13	9	22	1.4	1.0
Emotional Disturbance	13	26	39	2.5	0.7

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Table 7.25. Distribution of Clinical Diagnoses: Conners 4 Self-Report Normative Samples

Diagnosis	Males	Females	Combined	Total Portion of Sample (%)	Prevalence Rate in Youth (%)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder	50	27	77	4.9	5.0
Specific Learning Disability	37	23	60	3.8	5.0
Oppositional Defiant Disorder	13	7	20	1.3	3.3
Autism Spectrum Disorder	—	—	—	—	1.0
Emotional Disturbance	15	25	40	2.6	0.7

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Table 7.26. Demographic Characteristics of Parent Raters: Conners 4 Parent Normative Samples

Rater Demographic		Combined		Males		Females
Rater Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	482	30.9	258	33.1	222	28.5
	Female	1,078	69.1	522	66.9	558	71.5
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	314	22.2	157	22.1	157	22.2
	Asian	76	5.4	38	5.4	38	5.4
	Black	202	14.3	103	14.5	99	14.0
	White	779	55.0	388	54.7	391	55.2
	Other	46	3.2	23	3.2	23	3.2
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	104	72.7	51	6.5	53	6.8
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	39	27.2	20	2.6	19	2.4
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	993	63.7	483	61.9	513	65.8
	Biological father	447	28.7	237	30.4	208	26.7
	Non-biological mother	45	2.9	23	2.9	22	2.8
	Non-biological father	23	1.5	13	1.7	10	1.3
	Other relative	40	2.6	19	2.4	21	2.7
	Non-relative	1	0.1	0	0.0	1	0.1
	Other guardian	11	0.7	5	0.6	5	0.6
Age in years M (SD)		41.7 (8.8)		41.3 (9.0)		42.2 (8.6)
Total		1,560	100.0	780	100.0	780	100.0

Note. Youth in the Combined column were included in the Combined Gender Normative Sample, those in the Male column were included in the Gender Specific Normative Sample–Males, and those in the Female column were included in the Gender Specific Normative Sample–Females.

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Table 7.27. Demographic Characteristics of Teacher Raters: Conners 4 Teacher Normative Samples

Rater Demographic		Combined		Males		Females
Rater Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	361	23.1	217	27.8	145	18.6
	Female	1,199	76.9	563	72.2	635	81.4
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	115	8.1	55	7.8	60	8.5
	Asian	46	3.2	24	3.4	22	3.1
	Black	86	6.1	44	6.2	42	5.9
	White	1,130	79.7	563	79.4	567	80.1
	Other	40	2.8	23	3.2	17	2.4
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	118	82.5	57	80.3	61	84.7
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	25	17.5	14	19.7	11	15.3
Length of Relationship	1 to 5 months	268	17.2	145	18.6	123	15.8
	6 to 11 months	645	41.3	320	41.0	325	41.7
	12 months or more	647	41.5	315	40.4	332	42.6
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	690	44.2	352	45.1	339	43.5
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	870	55.8	428	54.9	441	56.5
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Not at all	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Less than weekly	13	0.8	6	0.8	7	0.9
	Weekly	231	14.8	114	14.6	117	15.0
	Daily or almost daily	1316	84.4	660	84.6	656	84.1
Age in years M (SD)		42.0 (11.3)		42.1 (11.3)		41.9 (11.3)
Total		1,560	100.0	780	100.0	780	100.0

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Table 7.28. Gender x Age Group: Conners 4 ADHD Reference Samples–Combined Gender

Age (in years)	Parent				Teacher				Self-Report
Age (in years)	Male	Female	Other	Total	Male	Female	Other	Total	Male	Female	Other	Total
6/7	38	19	0	57	27	6	0	33	—	—	—	—
8	39	23	0	62	18	7	0	25	11	9	0	20
9	29	21	0	50	15	12	0	27	7	9	0	16
10	47	16	0	63	21	11	0	32	11	6	0	17
11	47	23	0	70	25	9	0	34	24	10	0	34
12	35	21	0	56	28	9	0	37	19	11	0	30
13	29	20	0	49	28	9	0	37	17	7	0	24
14	33	16	0	49	14	9	0	23	17	9	0	26
15	30	14	0	44	20	6	0	26	12	7	0	19
16	15	13	0	28	18	8	0	26	13	8	1	22
17/18	25	7	0	32	13	8	0	21	12	9	0	21
Total	367	193	0	560	227	94	0	321	143	85	1	229

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Table 7.29. Demographic Characteristics: Conners 4 ADHD Reference Samples–Combined Gender

Demographic		Parent		Teacher		Self-Report
Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	368	65.7	227	70.7	143	62.4
	Female	192	34.3	94	29.3	85	37.1
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	0.4
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	46	9.5	19	6.2	16	7.5
	Asian	5	1.0	1	0.3	1	0.5
	Black	17	3.5	36	11.8	15	7.0
	White	387	79.6	233	76.4	166	77.6
	Other	31	6.4	16	5.2	16	7.5
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	69	93.2	13	86.7	15	100.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	5	6.8	2	13.3	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	82	16.9	110	36.1	42	19.6
	Midwest	138	28.4	65	21.3	59	27.6
	South	201	41.4	110	36.1	99	46.3
	West	65	13.4	20	6.6	14	6.5
Canadian Region	East	9	12.2	0	0.0	1	6.7
	Central	42	56.8	12	75.0	9	60.0
	West	23	31.1	4	25.0	5	33.3
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	7	1.3	—	—	5	2.2
	High school diploma/GED	49	8.9	—	—	41	17.9
	Some college or associate’s degree	135	24.5	—	—	47	20.5
	Bachelor’s degree	178	32.3	—	—	72	31.4
	Graduate or professional degree	182	33.0	—	—	64	27.9
ADHD Presentation	Inattentive	172	30.7	97	30.2	85	37.1
	Hyperactive/Impulsive	88	15.7	65	20.2	36	15.7
	Combined	300	53.6	159	49.5	108	47.2
Age in years M (SD)		11.4 (3.0)		11.8 (3.1)		12.6 (2.8)
Total		560	100.0	321	100.0	229	100.0

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Table 7.30. Gender x Age Group: Conners 4 ADHD Reference Samples–Gender Specific

Age (in years)	Parent		Teacher		Self-Report
Age (in years)	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
6/7	38	19	27	6	—	—
8	39	23	18	7	11	9
9	29	21	15	12	7	9
10	47	16	21	11	11	6
11	47	23	25	9	24	10
12	35	21	28	9	19	11
13	29	20	28	9	17	7
14	33	16	14	9	17	9
15	30	14	20	6	12	7
16	15	13	18	8	13	8
17/18	25	7	13	8	12	9
Total	367	193	227	94	143	85

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Table 7.31. Demographic Characteristics: Conners 4 ADHD Reference Samples–Gender Specific

Demographic		Parent				Teacher				Self-Report
		Male		Female		Male		Female		Male		Female
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
U.S. Race/ Ethnicity	Hispanic	31	9.8	15	8.8	15	6.9	4	4.6	9	6.8	7	8.6
	Asian	3	0.9	2	1.2	0	0.0	1	1.1	1	0.8	0	0.0
	Black	11	3.5	6	3.5	29	13.3	7	8.0	12	9.1	3	3.7
	White	249	78.8	138	81.2	163	74.8	70	80.5	100	75.8	65	80.2
	Other	22	7.0	9	5.3	11	5.0	5	5.7	10	7.6	6	7.4
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	47	92.2	22	95.7	7	87.5	6	85.7	11	100.0	4	100.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	4	7.8	1	4.3	1	12.5	1	14.3	0	0	0	0.0
U.S. Region	Northeast	49	15.5	33	19.4	77	35.3	33	37.9	27	20.5	15	18.5
	Midwest	90	28.5	48	28.2	45	20.6	20	23.0	38	28.8	21	25.9
	South	136	43.0	65	38.2	85	39	25	28.7	58	43.9	40	49.4
	West	41	13.0	24	14.1	11	5.0	9	10.3	9	6.8	5	6.2
Canadian Region	East	7	13.7	2	8.7	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	25.0
	Central	29	56.9	13	56.5	5	55.6	7	100.0	6	54.5	3	75.0
	West	15	29.4	8	34.8	4	44.4	0	0.0	5	45.5	0	0.0
Parental Education Level	No high school diploma	4	1.1	3	1.6	—	—	—	—	4	2.8	1	1.2
	High school diploma/GED	37	10.2	12	6.3	—	—	—	—	31	21.7	10	11.8
	Some college or associate’s degree	81	22.4	54	28.6	—	—	—	—	25	17.5	22	25.9
	Bachelor’s degree	120	33.1	58	30.7	—	—	—	—	43	30.1	29	34.1
	Graduate or professional degree	120	33.1	62	32.8	—	—	—	—	40	28.0	23	27.1
ADHD Presentation	Inattentive	100	27.2	72	37.3	57	25.1	40	42.6	46	32.2	38	44.7
	Hyperactive/Impulsive	67	18.3	21	10.9	53	23.3	12	12.8	29	20.3	7	8.2
	Combined	200	54.5	100	51.8	117	51.5	42	44.7	68	47.6	40	47.1
Age in years M (SD)		11.4 (3.1)		11.4 (2.9)		11.7 (3.1)		11.9 (3.1)		12.6 (2.6)		12.5 (2.9)
Total		367	100.0	193	100.0	227	100.0	94	100.0	143	100.0	85	100.0

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Table 7.32. Medication Use Status at Time of Rating: Conners 4 ADHD Reference Samples–Combined Gender

Medication Use Status	Parent		Teacher		Self-Report
Medication Use Status	N	%	N	%	N	%
Does not take medication	169	31.4	123	38.8	87	40.5
Takes medication	370	68.6	194	61.2	128	59.5
Total	539	100.0	317	100.0	215	100.0

Note. Responses were not provided for N = 21 in the Parent sample, N = 4 in the Teacher sample, and N = 14 in the Self-Report sample.

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Table 7.33. Scale Level Differences Comparing No Medication Use to Medication Use at Time of Rating: Conners 4 ADHD Reference Samples

Scale		Parent	Teacher	Self-Report
Content Scales	Inattention/Executive Dysfunction	−.10	.06	−.04
	Hyperactivity	−.12	.01	−.14
	Impulsivity	−.18	−.02	−.10
	Emotional Dysregulation	−.17	−.10	−.19
	Depressed Mood	−.11	−.04	−.16
	Anxious Thoughts	−.09	−.05	.00
Impairment & Functional Outcome Scales	Schoolwork	−.04	.10	−.02
	Peer Interactions	−.18	−.09	−.12
	Family Life	−.21	—	−.13
DSM Symptom Scales	ADHD Inattentive Symptoms	−.13	.01	−.14
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive Symptoms	−.08	.07	−.04
	Total ADHD Symptoms	−.13	.04	−.09
	Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms	−.18	−.02	−.16
	Conduct Disorder Symptoms	−.18	−.05	−.06

Note. Values presented are Cliff’s d. Guidelines for interpreting Cliff’s |d|: negligible effect size < .15; small effect size = .15 to .32; medium effect size = .33 to .46; large effect size ≥ .47.

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Table 7.34. Non-Medication Treatment Status: Conners 4 ADHD Reference Samples–Combined Gender

Treatment Type	Parent		Teacher		Self-Report
Treatment Type	N	%	N	%	N	%
Group Therapy	22	3.9	14	4.4	12	5.2
Psychological Therapy	212	37.9	90	28.0	97	42.4
Occupational Therapy	17	3.0	16	5.0	4	1.7
Speech Therapy	28	5.0	26	8.1	15	6.6
Special Education	276	49.3	247	76.9	134	58.5
Other Treatment	60	10.7	38	11.8	30	13.1
No Treatment (other than medication)	152	27.1	40	12.5	47	20.5
Total	560	100.0	321	100.0	229	100.0

Note. Raters were instructed to select all applicable treatments. Selections were not mutually exclusive as youth could be receiving multiple forms of treatment concurrently; therefore, the sum of treatment types is greater than the total N.

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Table 7.35. Non-Medication Treatment Status: Conners 4 ADHD Reference Samples–Gender Specific

Treatment Type	Parent				Teacher				Self-Report
	Male		Female		Male		Female		Male		Female
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Group Therapy	17	4.6	5	2.6	12	5.3	2	2.1	10	7.0	2	2.4
Psychological Therapy	130	35.4	82	42.5	59	26.0	31	33.0	59	41.3	37	43.5
Occupational Therapy	13	3.5	4	2.1	14	6.2	2	2.1	4	2.8	0	0.0
Speech Therapy	22	6.0	6	3.1	17	7.5	9	9.6	11	7.7	4	4.7
Special Education	191	52.0	85	44.0	175	77.1	72	76.6	85	59.4	49	57.6
Other Treatment	32	8.7	28	14.5	26	11.5	12	12.8	14	9.8	15	17.6
No Treatment (other than medication)	106	28.9	46	23.8	32	14.1	8	8.5	32	22.4	15	17.6
Total	367	100.0	193	100.0	227	100.0	94	100.0	143	100.0	85	100.0

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Table 7.36. Demographic Characteristics of Parent Raters: Conners 4 Parent ADHD Reference Samples

Rater Demographic		Combined		Males		Females
Rater Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	44	7.9	29	7.9	15	7.8
	Female	516	92.1	338	92.1	178	92.2
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	39	8.0	24	7.6	15	8.8
	Asian	6	1.2	4	1.3	2	1.2
	Black	21	4.3	15	4.7	6	3.5
	White	414	85.2	268	84.8	146	85.9
	Other	6	1.2	5	1.6	1	0.6
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	68	91.9	45	88.2	23	100.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	6	8.1	6	11.8	0	0.0
Relation to Youth Being Rated	Biological mother	472	84.3	311	84.7	161	83.4
	Biological father	38	6.8	23	6.3	15	7.8
	Non-biological mother	37	6.6	21	5.7	16	8.3
	Non-biological father	5	0.9	5	1.4	0	0.0
	Other relative	7	1.2	6	1.6	0	0.0
	Non-relative	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
	Other guardian	1	0.2	1	0.3	1	0.5
Age in years M (SD)		42.2 (6.7)		41.9 (6.6)		42.8 (6.8)
Total		560	100.0	367	100.0	193	100.0

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Table 7.37. Demographic Characteristics of Teacher Raters: Conners 4 Teacher ADHD Reference Samples

Rater Demographic		Combined		Males		Females
Rater Demographic		N	%	N	%	N	%
Gender	Male	58	18.1	38	16.7	20	21.3
	Female	263	81.9	189	83.3	74	78.7
	Other	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
U.S. Race/Ethnicity	Hispanic	10	3.3	8	3.7	2	2.3
	Asian	1	0.3	0	0.0	1	1.1
	Black	15	4.9	9	4.1	6	6.9
	White	273	89.5	195	89.4	78	89.7
	Other	6	2.0	6	2.8	0	0.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Not visible minority	16	100.0	9	100.0	7	100.0
Canadian Race/Ethnicity	Visible minority	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Length of Relationship	1 to 5 months	72	22.4	60	26.4	12	12.8
	6 to 11 months	128	39.9	86	37.9	42	44.7
	12 months or more	121	37.7	81	35.7	40	42.6
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Moderately well	152	47.4	115	50.7	37	39.4
How well does the teacher know the student being rated?	Very well	169	52.6	112	49.3	57	60.6
How often does the teacher interact with the student being rated?	Less than weekly	4	1.2	3	1.3	1	1.1
	Weekly	51	15.9	41	18.1	10	10.6
	Daily or almost daily	266	82.9	183	80.6	83	88.3
Age in years M (SD)		39.7 (10.6)		39.8 (11.0)		39.7 (9.5)
Total		321	100.0	227	100.0	94	100.0

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Table 7.38. Age Differences: Conners 4 Parent Normative Samples

Scale		Combined Gender		Males		Females
Scale		χ² (df = 11)	p	χ² (df = 11)	p	χ² (df = 11)	p
Content Scales	Inattention/Executive Dysfunction	12.0	.361	17.0	.107	5.1	.928
	Hyperactivity	153.6	< .001	94.4	< .001	66.1	< .001
	Impulsivity	66.5	< .001	46.8	< .001	30.2	.001
	Emotional Dysregulation	21.9	.025	23.9	.013	17.5	.093
	Depressed Mood	49.0	< .001	31.5	.001	31.1	.001
	Anxious Thoughts	12.0	.366	9.3	.597	17.0	.109
Impairment & Functional Outcome Scales	Schoolwork	11.6	.391	15.0	.182	11.9	.373
	Peer Interactions	9.8	.546	20.2	.042	6.5	.837
	Family Life	10.2	.513	12.9	.299	18.9	.063
DSM Symptom Scales	ADHD Inattentive Symptoms	13.7	.252	19.9	.047	5.3	.917
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive Symptoms	146.4	< .001	86.4	< .001	66.3	< .001
	Total ADHD Symptoms	59.1	< .001	39.6	< .001	27.3	.004
	Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms	5.6	.901	10.6	.474	10.3	.506
	Conduct Disorder Symptoms	12.4	.333	19.1	.059	5.3	.915

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Table 7.39. Age Differences: Conners 4 Teacher Normative Samples

Scale		Combined Gender		Males		Females
Scale		χ² (df = 11)	p	χ² (df = 11)	p	χ² (df = 11)	p
Content Scales	Inattention/Executive Dysfunction	12.7	.314	11.2	.424	8.5	.664
	Hyperactivity	58.9	< .001	36.0	< .001	28.4	.003
	Impulsivity	36.9	< .001	29.4	.002	19.3	.056
	Emotional Dysregulation	9.1	.609	12.3	.345	5.1	.927
	Depressed Mood	31.0	.001	18.6	.068	27.4	.004
	Anxious Thoughts	25.9	.007	16.4	.126	24.9	.009
Impairment & Functional Outcome Scales	Schoolwork	14.8	.194	10.6	.477	12.2	.347
Impairment & Functional Outcome Scales	Peer Interactions	4.1	.967	8.1	.700	9.7	.559
DSM Symptom Scales	ADHD Inattentive Symptoms	15.4	.166	10.8	.458	10.8	.463
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive Symptoms	59.0	< .001	37.1	< .001	27.6	.004
	Total ADHD Symptoms	34.2	< .001	21.4	.030	19.7	.050
	Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms	6.2	.863	8.6	.661	7.3	.778
	Conduct Disorder Symptoms	9.1	.616	7.8	.732	10.2	.513

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Table 7.40. Age Differences: Conners 4 Self-Report Normative Samples

Scale		Combined Gender		Males		Females
Scale		χ² (df = 9)	p	χ² (df = 9)	p	χ² (df = 9)	p
Content Scales	Inattention/Executive Dysfunction	10.4	.323	6.9	.644	6.7	.672
	Hyperactivity	21.3	.011	15.4	.080	14.0	.123
	Impulsivity	10.6	.303	11.8	.224	7.0	.633
	Emotional Dysregulation	13.2	.154	12.3	.197	10.3	.329
	Depressed Mood	35.7	< .001	18.5	.030	21.4	.011
	Anxious Thoughts	20.4	.016	9.7	.375	17.2	.046
Impairment & Functional Outcome Scales	Schoolwork	10.8	.289	7.9	.547	8.7	.466
	Peer Interactions	5.0	.835	5.9	.750	6.1	.725
	Family Life	12.0	.211	10.4	.322	8.8	.451
DSM Symptom Scales	ADHD Inattentive Symptoms	8.8	.457	5.3	.811	6.1	.728
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive Symptoms	20.0	.018	16.6	.056	11.6	.235
	Total ADHD Symptoms	12.4	.193	8.9	.443	8.7	.463
	Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms	12.7	.178	9.1	.432	10.5	.312
	Conduct Disorder Symptoms	29.7	< .001	25.7	.002	13.6	.139

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Table 7.41. Raw Scale Scores Relation with Age: Conners 4 Normative Samples

Scale		Parent		Teacher		Self-Report
Scale		τ	p	τ	p	τ	p
Content Scales	Inattention/Executive Dysfunction	−.02	.302	−.04	.012	.02	.283
	Hyperactivity	−.21	< .001	−.13	< .001	−.07	.002
	Impulsivity	−.13	< .001	−.10	< .001	−.05	.031
	Emotional Dysregulation	−.06	.001	−.04	.064	−.01	.545
	Depressed Mood	.12	< .001	.10	< .001	.11	< .001
	Anxious Thoughts	.03	.104	.07	.001	.07	.002
Impairment & Functional Outcome Scales	Schoolwork	−.01	.448	−.04	.021	.02	.267
	Peer Interactions	−.02	.220	−.02	.288	−.02	.264
	Family Life	−.02	.419	—	—	.02	.293
DSM Symptom Scales	ADHD Inattentive Symptoms	−.03	.155	−.05	.004	.00	.899
	ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive Symptoms	−.21	< .001	−.13	< .001	−.07	.001
	Total ADHD Symptoms	−.12	< .001	−.09	< .001	−.03	.113
	Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms	−.01	.651	−.02	.412	.00	.911
	Conduct Disorder Symptoms	.00	.855	.01	.768	.09	< .001

Note. τ = tau correlation coefficient. Guidelines for interpreting |τ|: weak ≤ .20; medium = .21 to .34; strong ≥ .35.